Field Evaluation of Sheep Pox Vaccine in Sheep and Goats in Egypt

Elsayed, Eman K.; M, Fawzy E; El Shahidy, Mohamed; EL-Senosy, Rania H.

doi:10.21608/scvmj.2023.210396.1132

	Field Evaluation of Sheep Pox Vaccine in Sheep and Goats in Egypt
Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ
Article 8, Volume 28, Issue 2, December 2023, Page 353-366 PDF (722.56 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/scvmj.2023.210396.1132
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Authors
Eman K. Elsayed ¹; Fawzy E M²; Mohamed El Shahidy³; Rania H. EL-Senosy⁴
¹virology, faculty of veterinary medicine, Suez Canal university, Ismailia, Egypt
²virology, faculty of veterinary medicine, Suez canal university
³Professor of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University
⁴Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
The Capripoxvirus (CaPVs) genus includes Sheep pox virus (SPV), Goat pox virus (GPV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) which poses cross-protection and related diseases of major economic importance. In the present study, living attenuated sheep pox vaccines (Romanian strain) was used to vaccinate sheep and goat to be evaluated under field conditions. Twelve susceptible sheep and goats (7 sheep and 5 goats) were intra-dermally vaccinated with live attenuated SPV vaccine. The humeral immunity was checked by double antigen ELISA while non-specific cellular immune responses were detected by measuring lysozyme concentration, nitric oxide concentration, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) concentration by real-time PCR. Humeral immune response evaluation in vaccinated sheep showed that the immune response increased gradually at the 7^th and 14^th DPV and reached the highest level on the 28^thday with a mean of 2.4. While in goats, antibody response begins at the 7^th DPV, and the peak response was at the 28^th DPV (2.2±0.106). The lysozyme concentrations in vaccinated sheep showed a gradual increase till reached their peak on the 14th day (76.3±2.378 µg /ml), while in goat's serum, the lysozyme concentrations gradually increased till reached 65.30± 5.37 µg /ml at the 7^th DPV then decreased at the 14^th & 28^th DPV. Nitric oxide concentration in sheep serum showed a gradual increase till reached its peak at the 7^th DPV and decreased at the 14^th and 28^th DPV, while in goat's nitric oxide concentration showed also a gradual increase till reached the peak at the 7^th DPV and then decreased to the lowest level at 14^th and 28^thDPV. IFN-γ was expressed in vaccinated sheep at the 2^nd DPV and then decreased at the 7^th DPV, while in goats, IFN-γ was expressed at the 2^ndDPV and decreased at the 7^th DPV. In conclusion, ELISA, lysozyme and nitric oxide concentration, and Gamma interferon expression proved to be reliable and sensitive for the assessment of vaccine potency. Heterologous Capripox vaccine can be used efficiently for the control of pox disease in goats as efficiently as in sheep.
Keywords
sheep pox vaccine; nitric oxide; lysozyme; ELISA; IFN-γ


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