Insights on the role of TLR-4 in neuroinflammation: a hint on COVID-19 relationship

Elshafey, Salma Abdelhady; El-Khouly, Dalia Abdulazim; Menze, Esther Tharwat; Tadros, Mariane George

doi:10.21608/aps.2023.231700.1133

	Insights on the role of TLR-4 in neuroinflammation: a hint on COVID-19 relationship
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Volume 7, Issue 2, December 2023, Page 324-333 PDF (308.24 K)
Document Type: Review Article
DOI: 10.21608/aps.2023.231700.1133
View on SCiNiTO
Authors
Salma Abdelhady Elshafey ¹; Dalia Abdulazim El-Khouly²; Esther Tharwat Menze ³; Mariane George Tadros³
¹Egyptian Drug Authority
²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
³Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's. Within the central nervous system, microglia express Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) abundantly, which prompts the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, PGE2, IL-1β, and NO that are considered essential components of neuroinflammation. The emergence of neurological complications in COVID-19 patients has spurred investigations into TLR-4's potential involvement. Particularly intriguing is its contribution to the cytokine storms triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 infections. This comprehensive review investigates the TLR-4-induced neuroinflammation, focusing on its potential connection to cognitive decline and neurological symptoms triggered by COVID-19. By unraveling the intricate mechanisms by which TLR-4 mediates neuroinflammation, this review aims to shed light on its possible role in the context of COVID-19. Understanding the implications of TLR-4 activation could pave the way for targeted interventions to alleviate the cognitive and neurological impacts of COVID-19. As the world seeks to comprehend the far-reaching effects of the pandemic, grasping the nuances of TLR-4-associated neuroinflammation stands as a crucial step in addressing the challenges posed by cognitive decline and neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients.
Keywords
Microglia; Inflammation; Toll-Like Receptor 4; MyD88; NF-kB; SARS-CoV-2


Statistics Article View: 237 PDF Download: 74