DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF A BIOGAS PRODUCTION UNIT OPERATING WITH AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM | ||||
| Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||||
| Article 2, Volume 41, Issue 1, January 2024, Page 15-28 PDF (1.36 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2023.240634.1125 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
E. R. Elashry1; A. E. Ahmed2; H. K. Dorgham3; R. M. Youssef  4
| ||||
| 1Prof. of Farm power and tractors Eng., Ag. and Bio. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., EL-Shatby, Alex. U., Egypt. | ||||
| 2Prof. of Farm power and machinery Eng., Ag. and Bio. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., EL-Shatby, Alex. U., Egypt. | ||||
| 3Grad. Stud., Ag. and Bio. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., EL-Shatby, Alex. U., Egypt. | ||||
| 4Assist. Prof., of Farm power and machinery, Ag. and Bio. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., EL-Shatby, Alex. U., Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The aim of this research is to design and construct a home biogas digester operating with automatic control system to improve gas production. A 72-liter home biogas digester with an automatic control unit was designed and built to control anaerobic fermentation factors. A mixing unit was used to mix and grind the waste before entering the digester. A stirring unit to control the stirring time and a heating unit to control the temperature as well as monitoring it inside the digester were added. an automatic control system including fire detector for safety, temperature, and gas sensors, through mobile application for monitoring and some other components were used to make the unit more controllable, easier, and safe. To evaluate digester performance, the digester was run for three phases (each with 30 days retention time). The first phase (I) was done without using control system at ambient temperature which ranged between 24 ºC and 26 ºC, while the second and the third phases were done at two different temperature levels, mesophilic at 35ºC (phase ІІ) and thermophilic at 50ºC (phase ІІІ). The digester was continuously fed with 4 liters/day (2 liters waste + 2 liters water). Temperature, pH, and produced gas quantity were monitored daily (5 days a week). Cumulative gas quantities for phase І, phase ІІ and phase ІІІ were 165.92, 498.92 and 616.56 L, respectively. This means that, raising temperature from ambient to 35 and 50ºC increased gas quantities by 2 and about 2.71, folds respectively. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Renewable energy; Biogas; Digester design; Wastes; Automatic control | ||||
| References | ||||
|
Akindolire, M. A., Rama, H. and Roopnarain, A. (2022) ‘Psychrophilic anaerobic digestion: A critical evaluation of microorganisms and enzymes to drive the process’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 161, p. 112394.
Ahmed S. F. et al. (1999) ‘Improvement of biogas production Controlling some factors affecting the reactor performance‘. The 7th Conference of Misr Society of agr. Eng., 27-28 October 1999.
Babaee, A. and Shayegan, J. (2011) ‘Effect of organic loading rates (OLR) on production of methane from anaerobic digestion of vegetables waste’, in Proceedings of the world renewable energy congress, Linköping, Sweden, pp. 8–13.
Balat, M. and Balat, H. (2009) ‘Biogas as a renewable energy source—a review’, Energy Sources, Part A, 31(14), pp. 1280–1293.
Braun, R. et al. (2010) ‘Recent developments in bio-energy recovery through fermentation’, Microbes at Work: From Wastes to Resources, pp. 35–58.
Chandra, R., Takeuchi, H. and Hasegawa, T. (2012) ‘Methane production from lignocellulosic agricultural crop wastes: A review in context to second generation of biofuel production’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(3), pp. 1462–1476.
Chen, L. and Neibling, H. (2014) ‘Anaerobic Digestion Basics. University of Idaho Extension. 6’.
Cruz, I. A. et al. (2019) ‘A new approach using an open-source low cost system for monitoring and controlling biogas production from dairy wastewater’, Journal of Cleaner Production, 241, p. 118284.
Deublein, D. and Steinhauser, A. (2011) Biogas from waste and renewable resources: an introduction. John Wiley & Sons.
Diaz, L. F. and Savage, G. M. (2007) ‘Factors that affect the process’, in Waste management series. Elsevier, pp. 49–65.
Dupin, H. J., Kitanidis, P. K. and McCarty, P. L. (2001) ‘Simulations of two‐dimensional modeling of biomass aggregate growth in network models’, Water resources research, 37(12), pp. 2981–2994.
Elashry, E. R. (2001) ‘Biogas Generation from Agricultural Residues’, Misr J. of Agric. Eng., 18 (3), pp. 741 – 753.
Elashry, E. R. (2002) ‘Corn residue as energy source’, Misr J. of Agric. Eng., 19 (3), pp. 467 – 477.
Gustavsson, J. et al. (2011) ‘Global food losses and food waste’. FAO Rome.
Güven, Y. et al. (2017) ‘Understanding the concept of microcontroller based systems to choose the best hardware for applications.’
Holm-Nielsen, J. B. and Oleskowicz-Popiel, P. (2013) ‘Process control in biogas plants’, in The Biogas Handbook. Elsevier, pp. 228–247.
Induchoodan, T. G., Haq, I. and Kalamdhad, A. S. (2022) ‘Factors affecting anaerobic digestion for biogas production: A review’, Advanced Organic Waste Management, pp. 223–233.
IRENA, I. (2016) ‘Measuring small-scale biogas capacity and production’. IRENA Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Kaparaju, P. et al. (2008) ‘Effects of mixing on methane production during thermophilic anaerobic digestion of manure: Lab-scale and pilot-scale studies’, Bioresource technology, 99(11), pp. 4919–4928.
Karthikeyan, O. P. and Visvanathan, C. (2013) ‘Bio-energy recovery from high-solid organic substrates by dry anaerobic bio-conversion processes: a review’, Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 12, pp. 257–284.
Liu, C. et al. (2017) ‘Effect of organic loading rate on anaerobic digestion of food waste under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions’, Energy & fuels, 31(3), pp. 2976–2984.
Mao, C. et al. (2015) ‘Review on research achievements of biogas from anaerobic digestion’, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 45, pp. 540–555.
Mata-Alvarez, J. et al. (2014) ‘A critical review on anaerobic co-digestion achievements between 2010 and 2013’, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 36, pp. 412–427.
Monlau, F. et al. (2013) ‘Lignocellulosic materials into biohydrogen and biomethane: impact of structural features and pretreatment’, Critical reviews in environmental science and technology, 43(3), pp. 260–322.
Pain, B. F. and Hepherd, R. Q. (1985) ‘Anaerobic digestion of livestock wastes.’, in Anaerobic digestion of farm waste. Proceedings of meeting, NIRD, Reading, UK, July 1983, pp. 9–14.
Paritosh, K. et al. (2017) ‘Food waste to energy: an overview of sustainable approaches for food waste management and nutrient recycling’, BioMed research international, 2017.
Petersson, A. (2013) ‘14 - Biogas cleaning’, in Wellinger, A., Murphy, J., and Baxter, D. B. T.-T. B. H. (eds) Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy. Woodhead Publishing, pp. 329–341. doi: https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857097415.3.329.
Satyanarayana, S. & Srinvasa, R. (2017) ‘Bio gas generation from biodegradable kitchen waste’, International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2(2).
Schmidt, D. (2005) ‘Anaerobic digestion overview’, University of Minnesota-Extension, Department of Biosystem and Agricultural Engineering. Minnesota. USA.
Al Seadi, T. et al. (2013) ‘Biogas digestate quality and utilization’, in The biogas handbook. Elsevier, pp. 267–301.
Sendaaza, C. (2018) ‘Anaerobic digestion of organic waste: A kitchen waste case study’.
Shahbaz, M. et al. (2020) ‘Impact of C/N ratios and organic loading rates of paper, cardboard and tissue wastes in batch and CSTR anaerobic digestion with food waste on their biogas production and digester stability’, SN Applied Sciences, 2, pp. 1–13.
Vij, S. (2011) ‘Biogas production from kitchen waste & to test the Quality and Quantity of biogas produced from kitchen waste under suitable conditions’.
Vikrant, U. D., Ajit, C. C. and Yogesh, V. A. (2014) ‘Temperature, pH and loading rate effect on biogas generation from domestic waste’, in 2014 International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology (ICAET). IEEE, pp. 1–6.
Xu, F. et al. (2018) ‘Anaerobic digestion of food waste–Challenges and opportunities’, Bioresource technology, 247, pp. 1047–1058.
Zheng, Y. et al. (2014) ‘Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced biogas production’, Progress in energy and combustion science, 42, pp. 35–53. | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 151 PDF Download: 163 |
||||
