Comparative ultrasound-guided assessment of gastric volume between diabetic and non-diabetic patients posted for elective surgery—a prospective, observational, correlation study | ||||
| Ain-Shams Journal of Anesthesiology | ||||
| Volume 15, Issue 1, January 2023 PDF (1.08 MB) | ||||
| DOI: 10.1186/s42077-023-00319-5 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Saad Aslam Khan; Tapan Kumar Sahoo; Saurabh Trivedi  
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| Abstract | ||||
| Background Perioperative aspiration of gastric contents is a serious complication and its severity depends upon the gastric volume and nature of the aspirate. Diabetic patients are more prone for aspiration because of delayed gastric emptying. USG-guided gastric examination can help in aspiration risk assessment by identifying the nature and volume of the gastric contents. This prospective observational study compared, USG-guided gastric contents and volume in fasting diabetic and non-diabetic patients posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Based on the history of diabetes mellitus (DM), 50 patients were divided into two groups, i.e., group A (diabetic for > 5 years, = 25) and group B (non-diabetic, = 25). After standard fasting period of 8 h, bedside ultrasound was conducted to assess gastric antral cross-sectional area, gastric volume and contents. Results The mean gastric antral cross-sectional area (3.96 ± 2.07 versus 2.96 ± 1.88, value 0.08), mean gastric volume (17.88 ± 19.48 versus 9.72 ± 12.29, value 0.083) and the mean gastric volume per kg body weight (0.16 ± 0.374 versus 0.04 ± 0.20, value 0.164) after 8 h fasting were higher in diabetics as compared to non-diabetics, but were statistically insignificant. Conclusions Diabetic patients had comparatively slower gastric emptying and hence higher mean effecting gastric volume and gastric volume/kg body weight, after fixed hours of fasting. However, no patient had gastric volume/kg body weight > 1.5 ml/kg or presence of any solid food was visualized in any of the groups. Hence, the fixed 8 h fasting guarantees the safety from the risk of aspiration in diabetic and non-diabetic adult population. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Aspiration; diabetes; Diabetic gastroparesis; Gastric Emptying; Point of care anesthesia; POCUS | ||||
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