Acaricidal Activities of The Essential Oils of Six Ethnoveterinary Plants Used by Fulani Herdsmen in Nigeria

Adenubi, Olubukola Tolulope; Salihu, Timothy; Akande, Foluke Adedayo; Adekoya, Oluwatodimu Adewole; Mshelbwala, Fakilahyel Musa; Afolabi, Tahjudeen Adeniyi; Odulate, Dominic Olaniyi; Olukunle, Johnny Olufemi

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2023.234740.1610

	Acaricidal Activities of The Essential Oils of Six Ethnoveterinary Plants Used by Fulani Herdsmen in Nigeria
Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Volume 55, Issue 4, July and August 2024, Page 1007-1019 PDF (1 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejvs.2023.234740.1610
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Authors
Olubukola Tolulope Adenubi ¹; Timothy Salihu²; Foluke Adedayo Akande ³; Oluwatodimu Adewole Adekoya ⁴; Fakilahyel Musa Mshelbwala ⁵; Tahjudeen Adeniyi Afolabi ⁶; Dominic Olaniyi Odulate ⁷; Johnny Olufemi Olukunle ⁸
¹Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, FUNAAB
²Nigeria Natural Medicine Developnent Agency, 9 Kofo Aboyomi Street, Victoria Island , Lagos
³Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, College of Veterinary Medicine, FUNAAB
⁴Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, FUNAAB.
⁵Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, FUNAAB.
⁶Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Alabata, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
⁷Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Alabata, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
⁸Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland USA.
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases cause devastating effects on livestock production. The misuse of synthetic acaricides in tick control causes increasing levels of acaricide resistance, environmental pollution and livestock byproducts residue accumulation. In the search for an effective and safer alternative, this study evaluated the acaricidal efficacies of essential oils (EOs) of six documented ethnoveterinary plants. The EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation, and acaricidal efficacies of six different concentrations of each plant were tested using adult immersion test. Amitraz and cypermethrin, and 2% dimethylsulphoxide served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Data was analyzed by the probit method, and lethal concentrations were determined using regression analysis. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Cymbopogon citratus, Hyptis suaveolens and Ocimum gratissimum EOs (20, 10, 5%) produced 100% tick mortality while Eucalyptus globulus EO exhibited 100% mortality only at 20% concentration. The mortalities from Balanites aegyptiaca and Citrus limon EOs at 20% concentration were 90 and 47.5%, respectively. Lower concentrations caused tick mortalities of less than 50%. Cymbopogon citratus/E. globulus EO combination showed the highest synergistic acaricidal activity (LC₅₀- 0.63%; 100% inhibition of tick oviposition and hatchability). Cymbopogon citratus EO may be developed into an effective and eco-friendly botanical-based acaricide, and studies are ongoing to determine its safety profile/mechanism of action.
Keywords
Antitick; Amblyomma variegatum; Botanical-based; Essential oil


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