Assessment of Texapon N 70 microemulsion confined in PVA/ gel for removal of wax stain from marbled endpapers dating back to the 19th century
Salim, E., Ali, A., Mohamed, W. (2023). Assessment of Texapon N 70 microemulsion confined in PVA/ gel for removal of wax stain from marbled endpapers dating back to the 19th century. EKB Journal Management System, 4(2), 1-12. doi: 10.21608/arcs.2023.207474.1038
Eman Salim; Asmaa Ali; Wael Ssbry Mohamed. "Assessment of Texapon N 70 microemulsion confined in PVA/ gel for removal of wax stain from marbled endpapers dating back to the 19th century". EKB Journal Management System, 4, 2, 2023, 1-12. doi: 10.21608/arcs.2023.207474.1038
Salim, E., Ali, A., Mohamed, W. (2023). 'Assessment of Texapon N 70 microemulsion confined in PVA/ gel for removal of wax stain from marbled endpapers dating back to the 19th century', EKB Journal Management System, 4(2), pp. 1-12. doi: 10.21608/arcs.2023.207474.1038
Salim, E., Ali, A., Mohamed, W. Assessment of Texapon N 70 microemulsion confined in PVA/ gel for removal of wax stain from marbled endpapers dating back to the 19th century. EKB Journal Management System, 2023; 4(2): 1-12. doi: 10.21608/arcs.2023.207474.1038

Assessment of Texapon N 70 microemulsion confined in PVA/ gel for removal of wax stain from marbled endpapers dating back to the 19th century

Advanced Research in Conservation Science
Article 1, Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2023, Page 1-12  XML PDF (1.34 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/arcs.2023.207474.1038
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Authors
Eman Salim email 1; Asmaa Ali2; Wael Ssbry Mohamed3
1Conservation Dept., Cairo University
2National Institute for Standard
3Polymers Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
Wax stain on paper artwork is one of the most chronic and complicated problems during conservation treatments. Understanding changes to the marbled paper samples during cleaning with gel-based microemulsion is one of the most important issues for conservators of painted works on paper. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Texapon N70 confined in PVA/ gel for removing wax stains on marbled paper and stopping wax penetration into the paper structure. Characterization procedures before and after cleaning were performed using a digital microscope, SEM microscope for morphological study, and FTIR spectroscopy to detect the chemical structure change. The roughness of the samples was measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results of the test demonstrated that the substance could be safe and more effective for removing wax stains from marbled paper. The used gel-based Texapon microemulsion was capable of removing the wax stain from marbled paper, and the results of the test demonstrated this material’s ability to safely and effectively remove wax stains from marbled paper.

Highlights
  • Marbled endpapers of a printed book explaining agriculture written in French and dating back to the 19th century were used.
  • The multi-analytical protocol was carried out to determine the gel cleaning performance and efficiency..
  • · The SEM examination of paper samples before cleaning illustrated the topography of the wax layer that covered the paper surface, making it difficult to distinguish the fibers' morphology.
  • The results demonstrated that Texapon microemulsion could be safe and effective for removing wax stains from marbled paper.

 

Keywords
Marbled paper; wax stains; microemulsion; cleaning; SEM; ATR-FTIR; AFM microscope
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