Biochemical and Molecular Identification of the Most Common Streptococci Affecting Common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus Linnaeus, 1758) From the Mediterranean Coast of Tripoli | ||||
Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | ||||
Article 3, Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2024, Page 31-41 PDF (775.26 K) | ||||
Document Type: Original Article | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.253995.1299 | ||||
View on SCiNiTO | ||||
Authors | ||||
Alaa Eldin Eissa 1; Abdulatif A. Asheg 2; Abdulsalam Abu Mhara2; Mahmoud Sharaf3; Awad A. Abdelbaky4; Amira S.A. Attia5; Tarek D. Dakhil2; Alkhateib Y Gaafar6; Eman M. Ismail7; Rasmia H.M. Abu Leila8; Heba A. Abdel Hady9; Emad A. Afify10; Abdelbary Prince11; Reham H Ragab12; Khalid Shahin13 | ||||
1Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Giza 11221, Egypt | ||||
2Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Libya | ||||
3Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt | ||||
4Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine & Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza11221 Egypt | ||||
5Department ofVeterinary Publi Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University | ||||
64Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt | ||||
7Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Cairo University, Egypt | ||||
8Department of Fish Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Egypt | ||||
9Department of Virology and Serology, Animal Health Research Institute, Alexandria Provincial Laboratory, Alexandria, Egypt | ||||
10DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland | ||||
11Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt | ||||
12Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211 Egypt | ||||
13National Institute of National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt | ||||
Abstract | ||||
Streptococcosis is one of the septicaemic bacterial diseases of public health concern due to its zoonotic potential. Its luxurious existence in wild marine fish from an open water body strongly suggests presence of massive sewage pollution. The aim of the current study was to identify and characterize most common streptococci affecting common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) inhabiting the Mediterranean coast of Tripoli. A total number of 270 common pandora were clinically examined for possible streptococcal infection and non-streptococcal infection. The fishes were collected from the area extending from Tripoli to Tajoura (east to Tripoli) during the three seasons, summer, autumn, and spring. No fish samples were available during winter due to the bad climate / storms along the entire western Libyan Mediterranean coasts. Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus phocae, Enterococcus faecalis, and other non-streptococcal species, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, and Photobacterium damselae sub species damselae were biochemically identified. Regardless of the season, S. iniae and E. faecalis were the most prevalent streptococcal species (13% and 8.88%, respectively). In contrast, the most retrieved non-streptococcal species were A. hydrophila, followed by Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, with a prevalence of 10%, and 14.44%, respectively. The highest infections were recorded during autumn, followed by summer, then spring with percentages of 53.34%, 50%, and 43.4%, respectively. The majority of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, florfenicol, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The molecular screening using the sequences of 16S rRNA genes has confirmed the phylogenetic relationship to S. dysgalactiae, E. faecalis, S. iniae, and S. phocae isolates with similarity percentages exceeding 99.6%. The sequences were deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers (OK033868, OK033869, OK033870, and OK033871). To sum up, the obtained results highly suggests that the common pandora fish from Tripoli coast of the Mediterranean is biologically contaminated with various zoonotic streptococci which could be considered as a biological indicator for municipal sewage pollution. | ||||
Keywords | ||||
Common pandora; sewage pollution; South Mediterranean; Streptococci; Tripoli | ||||
References | ||||
ABDELSALAM, M., CHEN, S.C., and YOSHIDA, T., 2010b. Phenotypic and genetic characterizations of Streptococcus dysgalactiae strains isolated from fish collected in Japan and other Asian countries. FEMS Microbiol Letters 302: 32-38 doi https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01828.x ABDELSALAM, M., EISSA, A.E., and CHEN, S.C., 2015a. Genetic diversity of geographically distinct Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates from fish. Journal of Advanced Research 6: 233-238 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2013.12.003 ABDELSALAM, M., FUJINO, M., EISSA, A.E., CHEN, S.C., and WARDA, M. 2015b. Expression, genetic localization and phylogenic analysis of NAPlr in piscine Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae isolates and their patterns of adherence. Journal of Advanced Research 6: 747-755 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2014.05.005 ABDALLAH, M.A.M., and ABDALLAH, A.M.A., 2008. Biomonitoring study of heavy metals in biota and sediments in the South Eastern coast of Mediterranean sea. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 146: 139-145 doi https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0066-8 AKINEDEN, Ö., ALBER, J., LÄMMLER, C., WEISS, R., SIEBERT, U., FOSTER, G., TOUGAARD, S., BRASSEUR, S.M.J.M., and REIJNDERS, P.J.H., 2007. Relatedness of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains isolated from harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) of various origins of the North Sea during 1988-2005. Veterinary Microbiology 121: 158-162 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.11.015 AL-BAHRY, S.N., MAHMOUD, I.Y., AL-BELUSHI, K.I.A., ELSHAFIE, A.E., AL-HARTHY, A., and BAKHEIT, C.K., 2009. Coastal sewage discharge and its impact on fish with reference to antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria and enteric pathogens as bio-indicators of pollution. Chemosphere 77: 1534-1539 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.09.052 AL-TAEE, S., ANAZ, M. T., AL-BADRANY, M. S. T., and ALHAMDANI, A. H., 2021. Biochemical and behavioral responses in carp fish exposed to tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222) as anesthetic drug under transport conditions. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 35(4): 719-723. AUSTIN, B., and AUSTIN, D.A., 2016. Bacterial Fish Pathogens. Springer AVMA., 2020. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2020 Edition. American Veterinary Medical Association BAIANO, J.C., BARNES, A.C., 2009. Towards control of Streptococcus iniae. Emerging infectious diseases 15(12): 1891. BAUER, K. W. 1966. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. American Journal of Biological Technology 1: 50-55 BLANCH, A., CAPLIN, J., IVERSEN, A., KÜHN, I., MANERO, A., TAYLOR, H., and VILANOVA, X., 2003. Comparison of enterococcal populations related to urban and hospital wastewater in various climatic and geographic European regions. Journal of Applied Microbiology 94: 994-1002 BONAR, CJ., WAGNER, R., and MEDICINE, W., 2003. A Third Report of "Golf Ball Disease" in an Amazon River Dolphin (Streptococcus Iniae). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 34: 296-301 doi https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2003)034[0296:Atrogb]2.0.Co;2 BULLER, N.B. 2014. Bacteria and fungi from fish and other aquatic animals: a practical identification manual. Cabi DALLAIRE-DUFRESNE, S., TANAKA, K.H., TRUDEL, M.V., LAFAILLE, A., and CHARETTE, S.J., 2014. Virulence, genomic features, and plasticity of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of fish furunculosis. Veterinary microbiology 169(1-2): 1-7. DI CESARE, A., VIGNAROLI, C., LUNA, G.M., PASQUAROLI, S., and BIAVASCO, F., 2012. Antibiotic-resistant enterococci in seawater and sediments from a coastal fish farm. Microb Drug Resist 18: 502-509 doi https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2011.0204 EISSA, A.E. 2016. Clinical and Laboratory Manual of Fish Diseases. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. EISSA, A.E., ABOLGHAIT, S.K., YOUNIS, N.A., DESSOUKI, A.A., EL-LAMIE, M.M., ABU MHARA, A.A., and ABDELSALAM, M., 2020. Myxobolus episquamalis infection in farmed flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus L. and thin-lipped mullet Aquaculture International 28: 363-376 doi https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-019-00467-2 EISSA, A.E., ATTIA, M.M., ELGENDY, M.Y., ISMAIL, G.A., SABRY, N.M., PRINCE, A., MAHMOUD, M.A., EL-DEMERDASH, G.O., ABDELSALAM, M., and DERWA, H.I.M., 2021. Streptococcus, Centrocestus formosanus and Myxobolus tilapiae concurrent infections in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Microbial Pathogenesis 158: 105084. FORTINA, M.G., RICCI, G., MORA, D., and MANACHINI, P.L., 2004. Molecular analysis of artisanal Italian cheeses reveals Enterococcus italicus sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54: 1717-1721 doi https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63190-0 GERBA, C.P. 2009. Indicator Microorganisms Environmental Microbiology. Elsevier, pp 485-499 GROSS, E.L., BEALL, C.J., KUTSCH, S.R., FIRESTONE, N.D., LEYS, E.J., and GRIFFEN, A.L., 2012. Beyond Streptococcus mutans: dental caries onset linked to multiple species by 16S rRNA community analysis. PLoS One 7: e47722 doi https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047722 HALL, T. 2004. BioEdit version 7.0. 0 HOSHINA, T., SANO, T., and MORIMOTO, Y., 1958. A Streptococcus pathogenic to fish. J Tokyo Univ Fish. 44: 57-68 IGWE, E.I., SHEWMAKER, P.L., FACKLAM, R.R., FARLEY, M.M., BENEDEN, C., and BEALL, B., 2003. Identification of superantigen genes speM, ssa, and smeZ in invasive strains of beta-hemolytic group C and G Streptococci recovered from humans. Microbiology Letters 229: 259-264 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00842-5 KIM, J. H., LEECH, and KIM, E.H., 2006.Transferable R plasmid of Streptococci Ioslation from Diseased Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Jeju. Journal of fish pathology 19(3): 267-276. KOH, T.H., KURUP, A., and CHEN, J., 2004. Streptococcus iniae discitis in Singapore. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1694-1696 doi https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1009.040029 KOH, T.H., SNG, L.H., YUEN, S.M., THOMAS, C.K., TAN, P.L., TAN, S.H., and WONG, N.S., 2009. Streptococcal cellulitis following preparation of fresh raw seafood. Zoonoses Public Health 56: 206-208 doi https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01213.x KUMAR, S., STECHER, G., and TAMURA, K., 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33: 1870-1874 doi https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054 LAU, S.K.P., WOO, P.C.Y., LUK, W., FUNG, A.M.Y., HUI, W., FONG, A.H.C., CHOW, C., WONG, S.S.Y., and YUEN, K., 2006. Clinical isolates of Streptococcus iniae from Asia are more mucoid and beta-hemolytic than those from North America. Diagn Microbiol Infectious Disease 54: 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.09.012 LOCKE, J., COLVIN, K., VARKI, N., VICKNAIR, M., NIZET, V., and BUCHANAN, J., 2007. Streptococcus iniae β-hemolysin streptolysin S is a virulence factor in fish infection. Diseases of aquatic organisms 76(1): 17-26. MOUSTAFA, M., EISSA, A., LAILA, A., GAAFAR, A., ABUMOURAD, I.,and ELGENDY, M. 2014. Mass mortalities in mari-cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) at Northern Egypt. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 5: 95-109 MOUSTAFA, M., EISSA, A., LAILA, A., GAAFAR, A., ABUMOURAD, I., and ELGENDY, M., 2015. Investigations into the potential causes of mass kills in mari-cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at northern Egypt. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 6: 466-477 NASER, S.M., VANCANNEYT, M., DE GRAEF, E., DEVRIESE, L.A., SNAUWAERT, C., LEFEBVRE, K., HOSTE, B., ŠVEC, P., DECOSTERE, A., HAESEBROUCK, F., and SWINGS, J., 2005. Enterococcus canintestini sp. nov., from faecal samples of healthy dogs. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55: 2177-2182 doi https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63752-0 NCCLS., 1999. Methods for determining bactericidal activity of antimicrobial agents: approved guideline. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne, PA NUMBERGER, D., SIEBERT, U., FULDE, M., and VALENTIN-WEIGAND, P., 2021. Streptococcal infections in marine mammals. Microorganisms. 9(2): 350. PREENA, P.G., SWAMINATHAN, T.R., KUMAR, V.J.R., and SINGH, I.S.B., 2020. Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: a crisis for concern. Biologia 75: 1497-1517. RANI, KS., MUMTAZ, M., and CHANDRAN, M., 2013. Climate changes and its impact on fish with reference to antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria and heavy metal accumulation. International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology 2: 61-70 RIVERA, R., DE LOS RÍOS, P., and CONTRERAS, Á., 2010. Relations fecal coliforms/ fecal Streptococci as indicators of the origin of fecal pollution in urban and rural water bodies of Temuco, Chile. Ciencia e investigación agraria. 37 doi https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-16202010000200014 ROMALDE, J.L., RAVELO, C., VALDÉS, I., MAGARIÑOS, B., DE LA FUENTE, E., MARTÍN, C.S., AVENDAÑO-HERRERA, R., and TORANZO, A.E., 2008. Streptococcus phocae, an emerging pathogen for salmonid culture. Veterinary Microbiology. 130: 198-207 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.12.021 RUSSO, R., YANONG, R.P.E., and MITCHELL, H., 2006. Dietary Beta-Glucans and Nucleotides Enhance Resistance of Red-Tail Black Shark (Epalzeorhynchos bicolor, fam. Cyprinidae) to Streptococcus iniae Infection. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 37: 298-306 doi https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00040.x SHAHIDUL ISLAM, M., TANAKA, M., 2004. Impacts of pollution on coastal and marine ecosystems including coastal and marine fisheries and approach for management: a review and synthesis. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48: 624-649 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.12.004 SHERIF, A.H., GOUDA, M., DARWISH, S., and ABDELMOHSIN, A., 2020. Prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in freshwater fish farms. Aquaculture Research 52: 2036-2047 doi https://doi.org/10.1111/are.15052 SKAAR, I., GAUSTAD, P., TONJUM, T., HOLM, B., and STENWIG, H., 1994. Streptococcus phocae sp. nov., a new species isolated from clinical specimens from seals. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44: 646-650. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-44-4-646 SØRUM, H. 2005. Antimicrobial drug resistance in fish pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin. 213-238. SPSS., 2004. SPSS version 13.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago VALÉS, I., JAUREGUIBERRY, B., ROMALDE, J., TORANZO, A., MAGARINOS, B., and AVENDAÑO‐HERRERA, R., 2009. Genetic characterization of Streptococcus phocae strains isolated from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Chile. Journal of fish diseases 32: 351-358 doi https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.01014.x WEINSTEIN, M.R., LITT, M., KERTESZ, D.A., WYPER, P., ROSE, D., COULTER, M., MCGEER, A., FACKLAM, R., OSTACH, C., WILLEY, B.M., BORCZYK, A., and LOW, D.E., 1997. Invasive infections due to a fish pathogen, Streptococcus iniae. S. iniae Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine 337: 589-594 doi https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199708283370902 WRIGHT, M.E., SOLO-GABRIELE, H.M., ELMIR, S., and FLEMING, L.E., 2009. Microbial load from animal feces at a recreational beach. Marine Pollution Bulletin58: 1649-1656 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.07.003 YANG, W., and LI, A., 2009. Isolation and characterization of Streptococcus dysgalactiae from diseased Acipenser schrenckii. Aquaculture 294: 14-17 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.05.018 YANONG, R.P., and FRANCIS-FLOYD, R., 2002. Streptococcal infections of fish. Florida Cooperative Extension Service IFAS, University of Florida: 1-5. | ||||
Statistics Article View: 320 PDF Download: 364 |
||||