دراسة لمجموعة من الأوانى ذات الهيئة الحيوانية من العصرين البطلمى والرومانى فى المتحف المصرى بالقاهرة A Study of a group of Pottery Vesseles taking the Shape Of animal- figures from the Ptolemaic and the Roman ears (A group preserved in the Egyptian Museum – Cairo ) | ||||
| حولية الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب "دراسات فى آثار الوطن العربى" | ||||
| Article 44, Volume 15, Issue 15, 2012, Page 616-647 PDF (1.9 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/cguaa.2012.34100 | ||||
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| Author | ||||
| Safaa Samir | ||||
| مدرس بکلية الأداب – جامعة طنطا | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| يعد الفخار عنصرا هاما من عناصر الفن الأغريقى القديم ،حيث يعتبر من أکثر المواد مقاومة لعوامل التعرية ، ولقد أستعمله القدماء على نطاق واسع فى حياتهم اليومية لوفرته وسهوله تشکيله ،لذا فهو يعد مصدرا هاما من مصادر المعلومات عن الحضارات القديمة. وتعتبر الاوانى الفخارية إنتاجا خاص جدا من الناحية الفنية والثقافية والتقنية التى عکست طبيعة الفنان والبيئة المحيطة به ، وحتى وقت قريب کانت دراسة الأثار الفخارية عامة والأوانى الفخارية خاصة مقتصرة على أشکال الطرز المختلفة وتصنيفها ويرجع ذلک إلى تاريخ طويل أحتل مقدمته تطور تلک الأشکال فى الدرسات الأثرية المختلفة من تصنيف الاشکال وإبراز أستخدامها. لهذا تکمن أهمية هذا البحث إلى محاولة تقديم دراسة للأوانى الفخارية المجسدة بالهيئة الحيوانية من خلال دراسة مجموعة أوانى لم تحظ بالنشر محفوظة فى المتحف المصرى بالقاهرة ، ولم تلق اهتماما من قبل الدراسين رغم روعتها وحالتها الجيدة وتنوعها فمنها ما هو على شکل خنزير برى ، ديک ، سمکة ، قنفذ حصان ، کما يوجد إناء غاية فى الروعة يأخذ شکل مرکب لجسد جمل ورأس ديک . والهدف من هذا البحث هو التعرف على تقنية هذه الأوانى وطريقة صناعتها ، وإلى أى طراز تنتمى والغرض منها وتأثيرها ومحاولة التعرف على المغزى الحقيقى من تجسيد الحيوانات أو الطيورعلى الأوانى الفخارية ، وأيضا محاولة تأريخ هذه القطع تأريخا دقيقا من خلال مقارنتها بقطع مشابهة لها أن أمکن وذلک فى إطار دراسة وصفية تحليلية أثرية لهذه الأوانى المحفوظة فى المتحف المصرى Pottery is considered to be an important element in the ancient art, as well as a considerable Source of ancient civilization. It’s in deed a very special product due to its artistically, cultural and technical aspects which reflect both the artist’s thought and environment. Studying pottery was confined to types, Figures beside classification, whish’s a method lasts for a long period of time, in addition to studying the development of pottery figures. This Study shed light upon a group of vessels, preserved in the Egyptian Museum (Cairo), and took the shape of animal figures. Although these groups are fine and well – preserved, besides being distinguish by their unique various shapes, they were recognized by none of the researchers. The first figure of the represents a camel’s body with a rooster’s head ; the second figure represents a rooster ; the third figure represents a camel bearing two baskets ; while the fourth represents a double – horned pig; the fifth’s for a boar ; the six represents a fish ; and at least the seventh is an urchin. And so,this group of vessels are actually distinguished by its various unique shapes, which enrich this study, our work’s a description one,in addition to the analytical discussion,which aims at explaining techniques methods of manufacture and types employed on these wares.More over one may not ignore mentioning the precise dating – evidence by comparing this group of vessels to similar ones. Animals are well –represented in the above mentioned group. Humans really feel emotionally attracted to these creatures; they keep them in & out doors either for food or company and sometimes they’re employed symbolically & so as we many see it’s such a relation between the mankind and many various kinds. Also animal figured are are used as decorative–motifs in order to maintain vividness,and these motifs were employed through various periods of time;for some were dated back to the Ptolemaic era,while others to the roman era most of the vessels in this group were found in different sites in Egypt,such as El lahoon in fayoum and mit- rahynah in Gisa,others are of unknown origins,but at least . As one may see,these examples are all well preserved in the Egyptian Museum. We can discern two methods of manufacturing this group of vessels: a) The first method: using potter –wheel. b) The second method: using the Moulds. Also a various kinds of fabrics are used in this group of vessels, but the most important one is the alluvial clay and the mixed clay. And this indicates that Egypt was a rich source of materials needed for one of the most important industries at that time, which was manufacturing pottery,especially the vessels taking the shape of animal–figures . Concerning the decoration of the this group of vessels;it was generally simple,and confined to grooves,horizontal and vertical ridges,which were common in both Ptolemaic & Roman ears. It’s recognized that this group of vessels is of various kinds such as; Askos,ongentaria,Sega,Aryballos,which were all the most,are common in Egypt.During the Ptolemaic & Roman eras .and so this group of vessels acquire important through its function &the purpose of manufacture since these vessels were used in funeral rituals & as frigorific tanks and for preserving wine,perfumes & oils. Also these vessels are used in vows & spreading scents in cemeteries,as well as gathering tears shed by the dead’s relative. And so one may conclude that this group of vessels is an important source of information about the social life in Egypt during both Ptolemaic & Roman ears. | ||||
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