High prevalence of multidrug-resistant extended spectrum beta lactamase -producing Escherichia coli in raw milk in Bangladesh

Rana, Sohel; Fahim, Fahmida Jaahan; Das, Rimi; Abdullah, Kh Saad; Islam, SM Sertaz; Mahim, Nabil Jahan; Sultana, Nadia; Uddin, Md Nazim; Islam, Md Rafiqul; Ahmad, Shahed; Zinnah, Kazi; Noor, Monira; Hossain, Ferdaus Mohd Altaf

doi:10.21608/mid.2024.258318.1735

	High prevalence of multidrug-resistant extended spectrum beta lactamase -producing Escherichia coli in raw milk in Bangladesh
Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 February 2024
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2024.258318.1735
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Authors
Sohel Rana¹; Fahmida Jaahan Fahim¹; Rimi Das¹; Kh Saad Abdullah¹; SM Sertaz Islam¹; Nabil Jahan Mahim¹; Nadia Sultana²; Md Nazim Uddin³; Md Rafiqul Islam⁴; Shahed Ahmad⁵; Kazi Zinnah²^{, 6}; Monira Noor⁷; Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain ¹^{, 2}
¹Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
²Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
³Department of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
⁴Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
⁵Institute of Livestock Science and Technology (ILST), Brahmanbarria, Bangladesh
⁶Department of Animal and Fish Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
⁷Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Sylhet Agricultural University
Abstract
Raw milk is essential in our daily diet for food safety but poses a risk of contamination with harmful bacteria like ESBL Escherichia coli. The study was undertaken to characterize multidrug-resistant E. coli and determine the antibiogram profile of the isolates recovered from raw milk. A total of 80 raw milk samples were collected from 20 milk selling points in Sylhet and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters, microbial loads, ESBL Escherichia coli, and their virulent factors with the association of AMR. Results demonstrated that the mean specific gravity, fat%, protein%, lactose%, acidity%, SNF%, pH, and added water% were 1.026±0.0003, 3.83±0.072, 2.83±0.046, 4.08±0.080, 0.20±0.003, 7.47±0.144, 6.38±0.035, 1.72±0.034, respectively. The mean aerobic mesophilic count and mean coliform count were 〖2.72×10〗^7 CFU/ml and 1.53×〖10〗^6 CFU/ml respectively. We found the prevalence of E. coli was 60% (48/80) in raw milk, and PCR results revealed that all E. coli isolates positive for the stx1 (6.25%), eaeA (6.25%), blaCITM (8.33%), blaSHV (6.25%), blaTEM (14.58%), and tetA (50%) genes. The antibiogram results demonstrated that all the isolates were the most resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline (100%), amoxicillin (79.17%), ceftriaxone and ceftazidime (62.5%), streptomycin (58.53%) and gentamycin (60%), whereas vancomycin (79.17%), ciprofloxacin (75%) and meropenem (54.17%) were the most sensitive. Our study underscores the urgent need for stringent hygiene measures in milk production and emphasizes judicious antibiotic use in safeguarding public health.
Keywords
Aerobic count; ESBL; Antibiotic-resistant gene; Coliform count; Raw Milk


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