Retrospective Study of Canine Pathologies Causing Mortalities in Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria | ||||
| Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | ||||
| Article 9, Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2024, Page 91-98 PDF (534.15 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.262746.1309 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Mohammed Adam   1; Abdulateef A. Ajadi 2; Jamila J. Atata 2; Olatunde B. Akanbi 3; Shodeinde Vincent O. Shoyinka 4; Muhammad S. Abubakar 5; Moshood O. Olaniyi 6
| ||||
| 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Of Ilorin, Nigeria | ||||
| 2Department Of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, University Of Ilorin, Nigeria | ||||
| 3Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. | ||||
| 4Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Pathology, University of Nigeria , Nsukka, Nigeria | ||||
| 5Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo, Nigeria | ||||
| 6Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Canine pathologies refer to the various diseases, disorders, and abnormalities that can affect a dog’s different body systems and cause mortality. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the common pathologies that are associated with the mortality of dogs in Ilorin, Kwara State. A retrospective review of post-mortem records from 7 years was undertaken at a necropsy unit of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ilorin. Data collected included age, sex, breed, disease pathogens, and year. A total of 150 dog carcasses were presented for necropsy during the period between January 2016 and December 2022. In this study, the cases used were confirmed based on PCR results in some cases, bacterial culture and isolation, parasite identification, gross lesions, and histopathological findings in other cases. Descriptive statistics were employed to evaluate the effect of disease pathogens on age, sex, and breed distribution patterns associated with the mortality of dogs. The prevalence of viral infection among other diseases was statistically significant (34.00%; OR = 0.53; P<0.01). The percentage prevalence of each disease showed that bacterial infections were evident, with Staphylococcosis being the most prevalent at 49.01%, followed by Salmonellosis at 7.84%, Leptospirosis at 23.53%, and Brucellosis at 19.6%. Parasitic infections were also notable, encompassing canine babesiosis (34.80%), acariosis (39.10%), and canine ehrlichiosis (26.08%). Toxicosis cases were largely dominated by diclovous poisoning, constituting 88.88% of instances, while medication toxicity was observed in 11.11% of cases. Neoplastic conditions were represented by hepatic lymphoma, with a prevalence of 1%, while nutritional deficiencies included hepatic lipidosis, noted in 1% of cases. Traumatic injuries were common, with bone fracture having the highest prevalence at 66.67% and muscle laceration observed in 33.33% of cases. Intestinal obstruction cases, specifically gastric impaction, were noted in 1% of cases. Viral infections comprised parvovirus infection with the highest prevalence at 81%, and canine distemper was observed in 18.92% of cases. In conclusion, this study has exposed the leading causes of mortalities among the dog population, which include parvovirus enteritis, staphylococcosis, and acariosis infections. The emphasis should be on preventive measures to curtail disease transmission and associated financial loss. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Canine; Bacterial; Mortality; Parasitic; Virus | ||||
| References | ||||
|
ABDULKAREEM, B. O., CHRISTY, A. L., and SAMUEL, U. U., 2018. Prevalence of ectoparasite infestations in owned dogs in Kwara State, Nigeria. Parasite epidemiology and control, 3, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2018.e00079
BEEBE, S. C., HOWELL, T. J., and BENNETT, P. C., 2016. Using Scent Detection Dogs in Conservation Settings: A Review of Scientific Literature Regarding Their Selection. Frontiers in veterinary science, 3, 96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00096
BELL, J. S. 2012. Genetic Testing. In C. E. Green (Ed.), Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat (4th ed) pp. 376–380. Elsevier.
BOWMAN, D. D., and ATKINS, C. E. 2009. Heartworm biology, treatment, and control. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 39(6), 1127-1158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.06.003
BRUNO, B. C., 2014. Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonoses of Dogs and Cats. Animals, (4), 434-445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani4030434
CHAYA, D.P., IARA, M.B., SEAN, A.T., YIKE, J., ARNAUD, M., JEAN, M.P., DONALD, M.C., DAVID, M. K., MARGARET, E.A., and DAVID, A.L., 2019. Maternal immunization confers protection against neonatal herpes simplex mortality and behavioral morbidity. Science Translational Medicine, 11(10), 1 – 10. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aau6039
CHERMPRAPAI, S., EDERVEEN, T. H. A., BROERE, F., BROENS, E. M., SCHLOTTER, Y. M., VAN SCHALKWIJK, S., BOEKHORST, J., VAN HIJUM, S. A. F. T., and RUTTEN, V. P. M. G., 2019. The bacterial and fungal microbiome of the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis and the impact of topical antimicrobial therapy, an exploratory study. Veterinary microbiology, 229, 90–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.12.022
CRIDGE, H., LIM, S. Y., ALGÜL, H., and STEINER, J. M., 2022. New insights into the etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of pancreatitis in dogs: Potential impacts on clinical practice. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 36(3), 847–864. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16437
DANTAS-TORRES, F., LORUSSO, V., TESTINI, G., DE PAIVA-CAVALCANTI, M., FIGUEREDO, L. A., STANNECK, D., MENCKE, N., BRANDÃO-FILHO, S. P., ALVES, L. C., and OTRANTO, D., 2010. Detection of Leishmania infantum in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from Brazil and Italy. Parasitology Research, 106(4), 857–860. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1722-4
DAY, M. J. 1996. Immune-mediated disease in dogs: 1. Disorders of the haemopoietic system. In Practice, 18(1), 14–20.
DECARO, N., and BUONAVOGLIA, C. 2012. Canine parvovirus—A review of epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, with emphasis on type 2c. Veterinary Microbiology, 155(1), 1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.09.007
DOBSON, J. M. 2013. Breed-predispositions to cancer in pedigree dogs. ISRN Veterinary Science. Pp. 23-52.
DOMOSŁAWSKA, A., and ZDUNCZYK, S., 2020. Canine babesiosis - a disease rarely considered in the context of male infertility. Irish Veterinary Journal, 73(1), 22. DOI: 10.1186/s13620-020-00174-y.
FEIL, C., STAIB, F., BERGER, M. R., STEIN, T., SCHMIDTMANN, I., FORSTER, A., and SCHIMANSKI, C. C., 2021. Sniffer dogs can identify lung cancer patients from breath and urine samples. BMC cancer, 21(1), 917. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08651-5
FOUDA, G., MARTINEZ, D.R.., SWAMY, G.K., and PERMAR, S.R., 2018. The impact of IgG transplacental transfer on early life immunity.Immunohorizons,2, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fimmunohorizons.1700057
GHASEMZADEH, I., and NAMAZI, S.H., 2015. “Review of bacterial and viral zoonotic infections transmitted by dogs”. Journal of Medicine and Life, 8(4), 42-53.
GREENE, C. E. 2012. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Elsevier, pp.103-114.
HENSEL, M. E., NEGRON, M., and ARENAS-GAMBOA, A. M., 2018. Brucellosis in Dogs and Public Health Risk. Emerging infectious diseases, 24(8), 1401–1406. DOI: 10.3201/eid2408.171171.
KARSHIMA, S. N., BATA, S. I., BOT, C., KUJUL, N. B., PAMAN, N. D., OBALISA, A., KARSHIMA, M. N., DUNKA, H. I., and OZIEGBE, S. D., 2020. Prevalence, seasonal and geographical distribution of parasitic diseases in dogs in Plateau State Nigeria: a 30-year retrospective study (1986-2015). Journal of Parasitic Diseases:official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology, 44(3), 511–520. DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01219-3.
KASSEM, K., CARAMAZZA, P., MITCHELL, K. J., MILLER, M., EMADI, A., and FACCIO, D., 2022. Real-Time Scene Monitoring for Deaf-Blind People. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 22(19), 7136. DOI: 10.3390/s22197136.
LEVINE, J. M., LEVINE, G. J., and KERWIN, S. C. 2006. Evaluation of the success of conservative treatment for dogs with clinical degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 229(12), 1934–1939.
MAZZAFERRO E. M., 2020. Update on Canine Parvoviral Enteritis. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 50(6), 1307–1325. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.07.008.
MUELLER, M. K., GEE, N. R., and BURES, R. M., 2018. Human-animal interaction as a social determinant of health: descriptive findings from the health and retirement study. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 305. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5188-0.
MURCHISON, E. P., 2018. Clonally transmissible cancers in dogs and Tasmanian devils. Oncogene, 37(5), 572-581. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.350
PATEL, N., ABINAYA, K., and MARCIA, A. S., 2022. “A Review on Bacterial Infectious Diseases of Dogs". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences, 4(7), 42-53. DOI: 10.31080/ASVS.2022.04.0428.
PILAU, N. N., LUBAR, A. A., DANEJI, A. I., MERA, U. M., MAGAJI, A. A., ABIAYI, E. A., CHAIBOONMA, K. L., BUSAYO, E. I., VINETZ, J. M., and MATTHIAS, M. A., 2022. Serological and molecular epidemiology of leptospirosis and the role of dogs as a sentinel for human infection in Nigeria. Heliyon, 8(5), e09484. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09484.
ROELS, E., DOURCY, M., HOLOPAINEN, S., RAJAMÄKI, M. M., GILLET, L., EHLERS, B., and CLERCX, C., 2016. No Evidence of Herpesvirus Infection in West Highland White Terriers with Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Veterinary pathology, 53(6), 1210–1212. DOI: 10.1177/0300985816641991.
SHIMA, K.F., TION, T. M., MOSUGU, I. J., and TERNENGE, T. A., 2015. Retrospective study of disease incidence and other clinical conditions diagnosed in owned dogs in Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research,2(4), 435-449. DOI: 10.5455/javar.2015.b115.
SYKES, J. E., HARTMANN, K., LUNN, K. F., MOORE, G. E., and STODDARD, R. A. 2014. Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences, pp. 54-78.
THORSRUD, J. A., and HUSON, H. J., 2021. Description of breed ancestry and genetic health traits in Arctic sled dog breeds. Canine medicine and genetics, 8(1), 8. DOI: 10.1186/s40575-021-00108-z.
TIAN, H., FENG, Y., VRANCKEN, B., CAZELLES, B., TAN, H., GILL, M. S., YANG, Q., LI, Y., YANG, W., ZHANG, Y., ZHANG, Y., LEMEY, P., PYBUS, O. G., STENSETH, N. C., ZHANG, H., and DELLICOUR, S., 2018. Transmission dynamics of re-emerging rabies in domestic dogs of rural China. PLoS pathogens, 14(12), e1007392. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007392.
VERMILLION, M.S., and KLEIN, S.L., 2018. Pregnancy and infection: Using disease pathogenesis to inform vaccine strategy. NPJ Vaccines,3, 6. DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0042-4.
VILLAREAL, C. F., ROJAS, J. U., and OCHOA, M. X., 2018. The operational impact of canine teams in the fight against drug trafficking in Colombia: a review of their contribution, strategies, and recent trends. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 37(1), 189–200. DOI: 10.20506/rst.37.1.2751.
VITALE, K. R., BEHNKE, A. C., and UDELL, M. A. R., 2019. Attachment bonds between domestic cats and humans. Current biology: CB, 29(18), R864–R865. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.036. | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 119 PDF Download: 160 |
||||
