Bacterial profile and resistance trends of pathogens implicated in bacterial meningitis: A four years retrospective study

EL Moussely, Lamia Mohamed; Omar, Nashwa Naguib; Hanafy, Nahla Gamaleldin AbdelHakim; Darwish, Manal M.

doi:10.21608/mid.2024.269589.1797

	Bacterial profile and resistance trends of pathogens implicated in bacterial meningitis: A four years retrospective study
Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Article 28, Volume 5, Issue 2, May 2024, Page 688-699 PDF (662 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2024.269589.1797
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Authors
Lamia Mohamed EL Moussely ¹; Nashwa Naguib Omar ²; Nahla Gamaleldin AbdelHakim Hanafy ³; Manal M. Darwish ¹^{, 4}
¹Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
³Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for Technology, and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
⁴Department of Microbiology and Immunology October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egypt
Abstract
Background: Study aims to determine the bacterial profile associated with bacterial meningitis, their antimicrobial resistance pattern providing antimicrobial stewardship guidance and improving the efficacy of empirical treatment. Methods: Four years case-series retrospective study (December 2019- December 2023), of positive CSF cultures in 432 patients of various age groups and departments in Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt were analyzed. Results: Predominance of Gram-negative bacteria constituting 79.1%, while 19.6% were attributed to gram-positive in bacterial meningitis. Notably, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) had the highest prevalence at 34%, followed by Acinetobacter species (spp) at 19.6%. Whereas, Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumonia) exhibited a lower prevalence of 1.8%. The age group >16-50 years demonstrated the highest prevalence at 26.6%, followed by infants aged 2 months to <1 year, with a prevalence of 23.3%. Antimicrobial resistance was predominantly against ceftriaxone 89%, and ampicillin 87.9%. Conversely, pathogens exhibited greater sensitivity to tobramycin (46.2%) and gentamicin (43.1%) than other antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance was identified in 53.5% of Gram-negative bacteria. These results highlight Gram-negative bacteria role in meningitis. Conclusion: This study revealed significant changes in meningitis bacterial profiles, highlighting the importance of reinforcing antimicrobial stewardship efforts to effectively combat the evolving landscape of bacterial meningitis.
Keywords
Bacterial meningitis; Antimicrobial resistance; Seasonal variation; Age groups; Neonatal meningitis


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