Potentiating the Epidural Analgesic Effect of Lidocaine in Uda Sheep with Xylazine and Medetomidine | ||||
| Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | ||||
| Article 14, Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2024, Page 125-133 PDF (332.58 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.275091.1323 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Shittu Shamsudeen1; Sherifat Banke Idris   1; Adamu Abdul Abubakar2; Mayaki M. Abubakar3
| ||||
| 1Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria | ||||
| 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Applied Health Sciences A’Sharqiyah University, Sultanate of Oman. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto | ||||
| 3Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| This study was undertaken to compare the analgesic effects of lidocaine, xylazine, and medetomidine alone and their combinations with lidocaine in Uda sheep. The sheep (n = 6) were assigned to five different epidural treatment groups using a cross-over design with a wash-out period of one week between the treatment groups. The group (A) received lidocaine at 2.86 mg/kg, the group (B) received xylazine at 0.05 mg/kg, the group (C) received medetomidine at 20 µg/kg, the group (D) received lidocaine-xylazine combination at 2.15 mg/kg and 0.125 mg/kg, respectively, and the group (E) received lidocaine-medetomidine combination at 2.15 mg/kg and 5 µg/kg, respectively. The analgesic effect was evaluated by the needle-prick test method. The onset and duration of analgesia in the mentioned regions were recorded. Ataxic and sedative effects were carefully observed and recorded according to the scoring system. Blood was collected at baseline (0), immediately after onset, and 24 hours post-administration. Results showed that medetomidine treatment produced a highly significant (p < 0.01) earlier onset of action (6–8 min) than the rest of the treatment groups. Medetomidine treatment also produced a significantly (p < 0.001) longer duration of analgesia (190-230 min) than the rest of the treatment groups. Lidocaine alone or in combination with xylazine or medetomidine induced severe ataxia, while xylazine and medetomidine alone or in combination with lidocaine produced mild to moderate sedation. In conclusion, epidural administration of medetomidine, lidocaine-xylazine, and xylazine produced a prolonged, longer duration of analgesia with useful systemic sedation in sheep. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Epidural analgesia; Lidocaine; Medetomidine; Uda sheep; Xylazine | ||||
| References | ||||
|
AMINKOV, B .Y., and HUBENOV, H.D., 1995. The effect of xylazine epidural anaesthesia on blood gas and acid-base parameters in rams. British Veterinary Journal,151: 579–585.
BOUCHENAFA, O., and LIVINGSTON, A., 1987. Autoradiographic localisation of alpha 2 adrenoceptor binding sites in the spinal cord of the sheep. Research in Veterinary Science, 42(3), 382–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-5288(18)30722-7
CARON, J. P., and LEBLANC, P. H., 1989. Caudal epidural analgesia in cattle using xylazine. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research = Revue Canadienne de Recherche Veterinaire, 53(4), 486–489.
DEHKORDI, S. H., BIGHAM-SADEGH, A., and GERAMI, R., 2012. Evaluation of anti-nociceptive effect of epidural tramadol , tramadol-lidocaine and lidocaine in goats. 106–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00655.x
DEROSSI, R., JUNQUEIRA, A. L., and BERETTA, M. P., 2005. Analgesic and systematic effects of xylazine, lidocaine and their combination after subarachnoid administration in goats. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 76(2), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v76i2.402
DEROSSI, R., JARDIM, P. H. A., HERMETO, L. C., and PAGLIOSA, R. C., 2015. Comparison of analgesic and systemic effects of bupivacaine, methadone, or bupivacaine/methadone administered epidurally in conscious sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal, 93(5), 164–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12313
DEROSSI, RAFAEL, LOPES JUNQUEIRA, A., and PAIXÃO BERETTA, M., 2003. Analgesic and systemic effects of ketamine, xylazine, and lidocaine after subarachnoid administration in goats. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 64(1), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.51
GRUBB, T.L., RIEBOLD, T. W., CRISMAN, R. O., and LAMB, L. D., 2002. Comparison of lidocaine, xylazine, and lidocaine−xylazine for caudal epidural analgesia in cattle. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 29(2), 64–68. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2995.2001.00068.x
HABIBIAN, S., BIGHAM, A. S., and AALI, E., 2011. Research in Veterinary Science Comparison of lidocaine , tramadol , and lidocaine – tramadol for epidural analgesia in lambs. Research in Veterinary Science, 91(3), 434–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.09.023
HALL, L.W., and CLARKE, W.T. C., 2001. Veterinary Anaesthesia. In Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA (10th ed., Issue 2).
ISMAIL, Z. B., JAWASREH, K., and AL-MAJALI, A., 2010. Effects of xylazine – ketamine – diazepam anesthesia on blood cell counts and plasma biochemical values in sheep and goats. 571–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-009-0923-7
JAAKOLA, M. L., SALONEN, M., LEHTINEN, R., and SCHEININ, H., 1991. The analgesic action of dexmedetomidine - a novel α2-adrenoceptor agonist - in healthy volunteers. Pain, 46(3), 281–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(91)90111-A
KAYODE, O. A. 2017. Studies on Epidural anaesthesia using lidocaine with Adrenaline on Hemato-biochemical responses in pregnant West African Dwarf goats. E3 Journal of Medical Research, 6(2), 012–015. https://doi.org/10.18685/ejmr(6)2_ejmr-17-012
KINJAVDEKAR, P., SINGH AMARPAL, G. R., AITHAL, H. P., and PAWDE, A. M., 2000. Physiologic and biochemical effects of subarachnoidally administered xylazine and medetomidine in goats. Small Ruminant Research, 38(3), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(00)00161-
LEMKE, K. A., and DAWSON, S. D., 2000. Local and regional anesthesia. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice, 30(4), 839–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-5616(08)70010-X
LIN, H. C., TRACHTE, E. A., DEGRAVES, F. J., RODGERSON, D. H., STEISS, J. E., and CARSON, R. L., 1998. Evaluation of analgesia induced by epidural administration of medetomidine to cows. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 59(2), 162–167. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/9492930
LOKHANDE, D., and AHER, V., 2018. Eavaluation of haemato-biochemical effects of dorsolumbar epidural xylazine-lignocaine anaesthesia in Cattle. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, 3(5), 28–32.
LUCKY, N.S, HASHIM, M. A., AHMED, J. U., SARKER, K., GAZI, N. M., and Ahmed, S., 2007. Caudal epidural analgesia in sheep by using lignocaine hydrochloride and bupivacaine hydrochloride. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 5, 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1319
MARZOK, M. A., and EL-KHODERY, S. A., 2015. Comparative analgesic and sedative effects of tramadol , tramadol-lidocaine and lidocaine for caudal epidural analgesia in donkeys ( Equus asinus). 215–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12195
MOULVI, B. A., PARRAH, J. D., KALIM, M. O., ATHAR, H., and DEDMARI, F. H., 2011. Haemato-biochemical Response to Lignocaine alone or in Combination with Xylazine for Epidural Analgesia in Cow Calves. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research 1, 17-20
MPANDUJI, D. G., BITTEGEKO, S. B. P., BATAMUZI, E. K., MGASA, M. N., and SHAMI, C. L., 2001. Comparison of the effects of atipamezole and tolazoline on analgesia, cardiopulmonary and rectal temperature changes induced by lumbosacral epidural injection of medetomidine in goats. Small Ruminant Research, 40(2), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(00)00216-9
POHL, V. H., CARREGARO, A. B., LOPES, C., GEHRCKE, M. I., MULLER, D. C. M., and GARLET, C. D., 2012. Epidural anesthesia and postoperatory analgesia with alpha-2 adrenergic agonists and lidocaine for ovariohysterectomy in bitches. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 76(3), 215–220.
ROSTAMI, M., VESAL, N., SCIENCES, C., VESAL, N., SCIENCES, C., and THE, V. N., 2012. The effects of adding epinephrine or xylazine to lidocaine solution for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in fat-tailed sheep. 3, 4–5. https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v83i1.1
SHARDA, R., DUTTA, G.K., TIWARI, S.K., and SHARDA, N., 2008. Effect of xylazine, ketamine and their combination as epidural anaesthesia in buffalo calves,Indian Veterinary Journal,85(6): 608–610
SCHWARTZ, D. D., and CLARK, T. P., 1998. Selectivity of atipamezole, yohimbine and tolazoline for alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtypes: implications for clinical reversal of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor mediated sedation in sheep. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 21(5), 342–347. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2885.1998.00151.x
SINCLAIR, M. D. 2003. A review of the physiological effects of alpha2-agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice. The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, 44(11), 885–897.
SINGH, V., AMARPAL, A., KINJAVDEKAR, P., AITHAL, H. P., and PRATAP, K., 2005. Medetomidine with ketamine and bupivacaine for epidural analgesia in buffaloes. Veterinary Research Communications, 29(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:VERC.0000046736.78612.f7
SKARDA, R.T., and FIKES, L. W., 2007. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. In Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia: 44 (Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2016.06.009
UMAR, M.A., and GAPSISO, R., 2008. Comparison of xylazine, lignocaine and combination of xylazine and lignocaine for epidural anaesthesia in goats. Nigerian eterinary Journal, 9(2): 15-19.
ZAYED, M., MAHMOUD, E., KHALIL, A., SALAH, M., MOUSTAFA, M., YOUSSEF, M., HASSANEEN, A., ZAYED, M., MAHMOUD, E., KHALIL, A., and SALAH, M., 2020. Lumbosacral injection of lidocaine , detomidine and lidocaine – detomidine in goats : anti- nociceptive effects and changes on haematobiochemical parameters. 2119. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2020.1725520
| ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 74 PDF Download: 53 |
||||
