Therapeutic efficacy of Moringa oleifera loaded chitosan nanoparticles on Giardia lamblia experimentally infected mice. | ||||
| Parasitologists United Journal | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 April 2024 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/puj.2024.269806.1238 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Mona Faheem1; Dina Allam2; Salwa Oshiba1; Wafaa Mohammed Zaki  3
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| 11Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin-el-kom,Egypt. | ||||
| 22Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin-el-kom, Egypt. | ||||
| 3Medical Parasitology department, Faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Giardiasis treatment is a challenge as traditional medical treatment exhibits drug resistance with multiple side effects. Hence ongoing trials for exploring anti-giardiasis alternatives are being achieved utilizing chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) and medicinal plants. Objective: This study aims at investigating the therapeutic efficacy of M. oleifera leaves extract (MOE) and M. oleifera extract-loaded Cs NPs (MOE-Cs NPS) against experimental giardiasis compared to Metronidazole (MTZ). Material and Methods: Eighty male Swiss albino mice were divided into two equal groups: group A (non-infected), and group B (infected). Each group is divided into four subgroups. While mice of subgroups A1, and B1 represent negative and positive giardiasis controls; those of A2-A4, and B2-B4 were treated with MOE; MOE-CsNPs; MTZ, respectively. Treatments began on the 3rd day post infection (dpi) and lasted for seven days; scarification was done three days after the end of treatments. Evaluation parameters included stool cyst load, histopathological intestinal changes, and cyst ultrastructural changes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hepatic and renal toxicity were biochemically assessed. Results: The marked improvement in cyst shedding was recorded in subgroup B3. Giardia cyst reduction rate was (86.01%) with significant efficacy (P≤0.001) compared to B2 and B4 subgroups (76.89% and 79.76%) respectively. Results of SEM demonstrated that the MOE-CsNPs-treated group had the most noticeable cyst disfigurement alterations, with no harmful effects on hepato-renal parameters. Conclusion: Combined MOE and CsNPs therapy is a novel potential natural product for reducing the number of Giardia cyst shedding in stool and improving the pathological changes in treating giardiasis. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Chitosan nanoparticles, G. lamblia, mice, moringa; treatment | ||||
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