Economics of Wheat Production and Marketing in Egypt (Case Study of Fayoum Governorate) | ||||
| International Journal of Sustainable Development and Science | ||||
| Volume 7, Issue 1, 2024, Page 146-174 PDF (979.07 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ijsrsd.2024.351168 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Gamal Ali Aboelela Abdelbaki1; Hussein Qurany Sayed Said  2
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| 1Researcher at Agricultural Economics Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center- Giza –Egypt | ||||
| 2Researcher at Agricultural Economics Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center - Giza – Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Wheat holds a pivotal role in Egypt's agricultural landscape, being the primary food grain crop. In 2021, approximately 3.42 million acres were dedicated to wheat cultivation, yielding 9.12 million tons nationwide. Fayoum Governorate contributed 5.86% of the total area and 5.74% of the production, with 200.51 thousand acres and 523.5 thousand tons, respectively. The research addresses the escalating nutritional deficit in wheat, resulting in heightened imports, evidenced by an 8.80 million-ton gap and a 50.43% self-sufficiency rate from 2005 to 2021. The study's objective is to analyze the economic aspects of wheat production and marketing in Egypt, particularly in Fayoum. The food security coefficient was alarmingly low at 0.218, indicating a precarious food security status. Statistical analyses of the production function revealed seeds, machinery work, nitrogen fertilizer, and irrigation water as the most influential factors. The total elasticities' sum, at 1.007, suggests an increasing capacity return relationship. Projections for the food gap from 2022 to 2030 anticipate an increase from 10.61 million tons in 2022 to 13.15 million tons in 2030, constituting a 23.94% surge. Marketing efficiency for the overall sample stands at 95.01%, with challenges faced by wheat producers including high production costs, costly seeds and fertilizers, elevated labor expenses, and merchant exploitation. The research advocates for affordable provision of production necessities to farmers, incentivizing wheat cultivation by adjusting prices, and implementing a targeted policy for Fayoum Governorate. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| The food gap; food security; economic efficiency; production functions; efficiency and marketing margins | ||||
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