Therapeutic efficacy of Moringa oleifera loaded chitosan nanoparticles in Giardia lamblia experimentally infected mice | ||||
| Parasitologists United Journal | ||||
| Article 5, Volume 17, Issue 1, April 2024, Page 29-36 PDF (664.63 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/puj.2024.269806.1238 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| Mona Faheem1; Salwa Oshiba2; Dina Allam3; Wafaa Zaki* 4 | ||||
| 1Departments of Medical Parasitology Basic Medical Sciences ,Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin-El-Kom, King Salman International University,South Sinai2, and Suez Canal University, Egypt | ||||
| 2Departments of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin-El-Kom , Egypt | ||||
| 3Departments of Basic Medical Sciences2, and Pathology , Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt | ||||
| 4Departments of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin-El-Kom, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Giardiasis treatment is a challenge as traditional medical treatment exhibits drug resistance with multiple side effects. Hence ongoing trials for exploring anti-giardiasis alternatives are being achieved utilizing chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) and medicinal plants. Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MOE) and M. oleifera extract-loaded CsNPs (MOE-Cs NPS) against experimental giardiasis compared to Metronidazole (MTZ). Material and Methods: Eighty male Swiss albino mice were divided into two equal groups: group A (noninfected), and group B (infected). Each group was divided into four subgroups. While mice of subgroups A1, and B1 represent negative and positive giardiasis controls; those of A2, A3, A4, and B2, B3, B4 were treated with MOE, MOE-CsNPs, MTZ, respectively. Treatments began on the 3rd day post infection (dpi) and lasted for seven days, and scarification was done three days after the end of treatments. Evaluation parameters included stool cyst load, histopathological intestinal changes, and cyst ultrastructural changes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hepatic and renal toxicity were biochemically assessed. Results: The marked improvement in cyst shedding was recorded in subgroup B3. Giardia cyst reduction rate was (86.01%) with significant efficacy (P≤0.001) compared to B2 and B4 subgroups (76.89% and 79.76%) respectively. Results of SEM demonstrated that the MOE-CsNPs-treated group had the most noticeable cyst disfigurement alterations, with no harmful effects on hepato-renal functions. Conclusion: Combined MOE and CsNPs therapy is a novel potential natural product for reducing the number of Giardia cysts shedding in stool and improving the pathological changes in treating giardiasis. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| chitosan nanoparticles, G. lamblia, mice, Moringa; treatment | ||||
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