Influence of NPK Fertilization and Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Densities on Wheat Crop

Fakkar, A.; Ismail, A.; Hemeid, Nadia

doi:10.21608/jssae.2016.39620

	Influence of NPK Fertilization and Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Densities on Wheat Crop
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Article 2, Volume 7, Issue 4, April 2016, Page 299-310 PDF (507.11 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/jssae.2016.39620
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Authors
A. Fakkar¹; A. Ismail¹; Nadia Hemeid²
¹Weed Research Central Laboratory, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
²Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate during two growing winter seasons 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The objective of this work was to study the effect of NPK fertilizer levels and wild oat competition on wheat productivity. Each experiment included eighteen treatments which were the combination of three NPK fertilizer levels being 50 kg N-10 kg P₂O₅ -12 kg K₂O fed^-1, 75 kg N-15 kg P₂O₅ -24 kg K₂O fed^-1and 100 kg N-20 kg P₂O₅ -36 kg K₂O fed^-1 and six of wild oat densities i.e., zero, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wild oat plant m^{-2. A split plot design, with four replications was used. Results revealed that increasing NPK rates increased significantly the studied wheat growth parameters, yield and its components in both seasons. Application of N}₇₅P₁₅K₂₄ and N₁₀₀P₂₀K₃₆ fertilizer levels increased grain yield by 8.7 and 17.4 %, respectively in the first season and 10.1 and 19.2 %, respectively in the second season compared to the lowest (N₅₀P₁₀K₁₂) fertilizer rate. Also, increasing NPK fertilizer rates had significant effect on most of N, P and K % of both wheat and wild oat plants at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS). N, P and K % decreased with growth in both wheat and wild oat plants and were higher with wild oat than wheat in N % showing that wild oat plants is a great competitor with wheat plants for N nutrient. Moreover, the addition of NPK fertilizer levels significantly affected N, P and K %, NPK uptake and protein % in wheat grain. Application of N₇₅P₁₅K₂₄ and N₁₀₀P₂₀K₃₆ increased protein % in grain wheat by 9.7 and 12.9 %, respectively in the first season and 9.5 and 11.2 %, respectively in the second season compared to the lowest (N₅₀P₁₀K₁₂)fertilizer rate. In contrary, increasing wild oat density m^-2 caused adverse effect on wheat growth, yield and its components in both seasons. Increasing number of wild oat plants from 5 to 25 m^-2 reduced the grain yield by 6.1 to 25.0 %, in the first season and 8.5 to 28.3 %, in second season compared with wild oat free treatment. Positive significant effects were detected for wild oat density m^-2 on N, P and K percentage of both wheat and wild oat plants at 30, 60 and 90 DAS as well as wheat grain contents of N, P, K and protein in both seasons. Increasing wild oat plants from 5 to 25 m^-2 decreased grain protein % from 0.9 to 17.4 %, in 2013/14 and from 2.4 to 8.9 %, in 2014/15 compared with wild oat free plots. The interaction between N₁₀₀P₂₀K₃₆ fertilization rate and zero wild oat plants m^-2 gave the highest wheat grain yield (22.93 and 24.23 ard.fed^-1) in the1^st and 2^nd seasons, respectively compared with N₅₀P₁₀K₁₂ fertilization rate and 25 wild oat plants m^-2(15.10 and 15.03 ard.fed^-1) in the1^st and 2^nd seasons, respectively. From this study, we can conclude that the integration between N₁₀₀P₂₀K₃₆ fertilization and zero wild oat plants m^-2 gave the highest wheat grain yield and protein.
Keywords
NPK fertilization; wild oat density; Wheat; Growth; Yield and yield components


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