Estimates of Heterosis, Combining Ability and Correlation for Yield and its Components in Bread Wheat | ||||
| Journal of Plant Production | ||||
| Article 2, Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2017, Page 729-737 PDF (396.85 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2017.40552 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
| M. H. Motawea* | ||||
| Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag 82786, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| In order to realize the heterosis, general and specific combining ability of wheat, 28 crosses were synthesised in a 8 × 8 by using half diallel mating system, without reciprocals. Analysis of heterosis over mid parents (MP) as well as better parents (BP) and combining ability were conducted for yield and its contributing traits. The experiment was conducted in 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 seasons at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt. Heterosis was estimated for grain yield per plant revealed maximum heterosis over the mid parents (68.58% and 81.47%) for the crosses P5 × P8 and P5 × P6, followed by harvest index (53.32%), No. of spikes per plant (33.38%), biological yield per plant (30.71%), spike length (17.29%), 1000 kernel weight (15.13%),grain weight per spike (14.38%) and plant height (5.96%) for the crosses P7 × P8, P5 × P8, P4 × P5, P4 × P8, P3 × P4, P1 × P3 and P7 × P8, respectively. The maximum heterobeltiosis was recorded for grain yield per plant (82.56% and 49.3%) for the crosses P5 × P8 and P5 × P6, followed by harvest index (40.12%), biological yield per plant (28.29%), No. of spikes per plant (16.9%), 1000 kernel weight (14.05%), grain weight per spike (12.9%), spike length (9.53%) and plant height (4.76%)%) for the crosses P5 × P8, P5 × P6, P2 × P5, P3 × P4, P1 × P3, P2 × P6, and P5 × P7, respectively. The results indicated significant differences among the parents for general combining ability and crosses for specific combining ability for all studied traits, which indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects for these traits. General combining abilities were higher than those of specific combining abilities, then the GCA/SCA ratios were more than unity indicating the prepondorance of additive gene effect which have considerable roles in the inheritance of these traits. In general, The genotypes of P5 ( Sonora 64 ) confirmed to be good general combiner for plant height, No. of spikes / plant, 1000 - kernel weight, grain weight / spike, biological yield / plant, harvest index, grain yield / plant , and P4 ( Sahel 1 ) for plant height, spike length, No. of spikes / plant, 1000 - kernel weight, harvest index, grain yield / plant. The crosses P6 × P7, P5 × P6, P7 × P8, P5 × P8, P2 × P6, P4 × P8, were the best specific combiners for grain yield / plant and most of yield components. Grain yield had strong positive correlation with harvest index (0.85), biological yield per plant (0.65) and 1000 - kernel weight (0.59). | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Wheat; Heterosis; Combining ability; half diallel; correlation | ||||
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