PREPARATION AND SENSITIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF 3-NITRO- 1, 2, 4-TRIAZOL-5-ONE (NTO) –BASED CASTED EXPLOSIVE FORMULATIONS | ||||
| The International Conference on Chemical and Environmental Engineering | ||||
| Article 21, Volume 3, 3rd International Conference On Chemical & Environmental Engineering, May 2006, Page 268-280 PDF (335.65 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/iccee.2006.41075 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| Radwan M. A.1; Mostafa H. E.2; Ahmed M. M.3 | ||||
| 1British University in Egypt (BUE). | ||||
| 2Egyptian Armed forces. | ||||
| 3Karary Academy of Technology, Sudan Republic (M. Sc. Student MTC). | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| ABSTRACT Different explosive formulations based on 3-Nitro-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-one ( NTO), which is an extremely insensitive explosive, were prepared by casting with Trinitrotoluene (TNT) or Polyurethane (PU) to avoid casting problems originating from the high melting point of NTO. Synthesis of NTO was carried out by two consecutive reactions; condensation reaction of semicarbazide hydrochloride with formic acid to produce 1, 2, 4-triazol-5-one (TO), then nitration for the prepared (TO) with nitric acid. The obtained products from both reaction steps were characterized by the determination of melting point, infrared spectroscopy, and measurement of some explosive characteristics (Sensitivity to impact, friction, ignition temperature and delay of ignition). Different mixtures of NTO/TNT and NTO/PU were studied theoretically using a computer program. The obtained results of explosive performance parameters were utilized to select the explosive mixtures (NTO/TNT 65:35, NTO/PU 88:12) to be prepared and tested. Sensitivity to impact of TNT, prepared NTO and candidate formulations (NTO/PU 88:12, NTO/TNT 65:35) measured and compared together. Formulations based on NTO/PU have lowest sensitivity to impact (36 joule). The ignition temperatures of NTO/TNT (65:35) and for (NTO/PU) (88:12) explosive formulations were markedly less than that of pure TNT and pure NTO. The obtained results of explosive performance parameters were used to determine the candidate explosive mixtures for future practical applications and work to explore the possible application of NTO in insensitive munitions (IM) compliant explosives. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| NTO; TNT; PU; Sensitivity to impact; ignition temperature | ||||
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