A Comprehensive Review on Nanoparticles: Definition, Preparation, Characterization, Types, and Medical Applications | ||||
| Journal of Medical and Life Science | ||||
| Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2024, Page 663-672 PDF (757.34 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jmals.2024.419629 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny  
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| Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt./ Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Nanoparticles represent a diverse and rapidly expanding field with profound implications across multiple disciplines. This review has explored their fundamental characteristics, preparation methodologies, characterization techniques, major types, and significant medical applications, particularly in antimicrobial therapy and cancer treatment. While their unique properties offer unprecedented opportunities for technological and medical advancement, considerations regarding their potential side effects and safety implications remain essential for responsible development and application. The evolution of nanoparticle definition and classification reflects the growing sophistication of the field, with specialized categories emerging to address specific application requirements. Preparation methods continue to diversify, with green synthesis approaches gaining prominence as environmentally responsible alternatives to conventional techniques. Comprehensive characterization using complementary analytical techniques provides crucial insights into nanoparticle properties that determine their behavior in various applications. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, including gold, silver, zinc oxide, and iron nanoparticles, demonstrate distinctive properties that enable their application in numerous fields. Their potential in addressing major healthcare challenges, such as antimicrobial resistance and cancer, has driven significant research efforts, with promising results suggesting future clinical applications. Polymer-based systems such as chitosan nanoparticles and polymersomes offer additional versatility through their capacity for drug encapsulation and controlled release. As research in nanomedicine advances, greater emphasis must be placed on understanding potential side effects and developing strategies to mitigate risks while preserving therapeutic benefits. This balanced approach, combining innovation with responsibility, will be essential for realizing the full potential of nanoparticles in improving human health and addressing global challenges across multiple sectors. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Nanoparticles (NPs); gold NPs; silver NPs; zinc oxide NPs; iron nanoparticles | ||||
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