Evaluation of the Donor Site Morbidity Following Harvesting of Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap

1- Chim H., Cohen-Shohet R., McLaughlin M.M. and Ehanire
T.: Function-Sparing Free Split Latissimus Dorsi Flap for
Lower-Extremity Reconstruction: Five-Year Consecutive
Single-Surgeon Series. The Journal of bone and joint surgery
American volume, 102 (19): 1714-23, 2020.
2- Angrigiani C., Grilli D. and Siebert J.: Latissimus dorsi
musculocutaneous flap without muscle. Plastic and reconstructive
surgery, 96 (7): 1608-14, 1995.
3- Spinelli H.M., Fink J.A. and Muzaffar A.R.: The latissimus
dorsi perforator-based fasciocutaneous flap. Annals of
plastic surgery, 37 (5): 500-6, 1996.
4- Homsy C., Theunissen T. and Sadeghi A.: The Thoracodorsal
Artery Perforator Flap: A Powerful Tool in Breast
Reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 150
(4): 755-61, 2022.
5- Draaijers L.J., Tempelman F.R.H., Botman Y.A.M., et al.:
The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale: A Reliable
and Feasible Tool for Scar Evaluation. 113 (7): 1960-
5, 2004.
6- Fearmonti R., Bond J., Erdmann D. and Levinson H.: A
review of scar scales and scar measuring devices. Eplasty,
10: e43, 2010.
7- Prodinger B., Hammond A., Tennant A., Prior Y. and Tyson
S.: Revisiting the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand
(DASH) and QuickDASH in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC
musculoskeletal disorders, 20 (1): 41, 2019.
8- Fauconnier M.B., Burnier P., Jankowski C., Loustalot C.,
Coutant C. and Vincent L.: Comparison of postoperative
complications following conventional latissimus dorsi flap
versus muscle-sparing latissimus dorsi flap breast reconstruction.
Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery:
JPRAS, 75 (10): 3653-63, 2022.
9- Liu Y., Zang M., Wu L., et al.: Improving the Versatility of
the Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap Using the Perforator
Propeller Flap Concept. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 84
(6): 689-96, 2020.
10- He J., Qing L., Wu P., Ketheeswaran S., Yu F. and Tang
J.: Variations of Extended Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous
Flap for Reconstruction of Large Wounds in the
Extremity. Orthopaedic surgery, 14 (10): 2598-606, 2022.
11- Lee K.T., Kim A. and Mun G.H.: Comprehensive Analysis
of Donor-Site Morbidity following Free Thoracodorsal
Artery Perforator Flap Harvest. Plastic and reconstructive
surgery, 138 (4): 899-909, 2016.
12- Bach C.A., Dreyfus J.F., Wagner I., Lachiver X., Guth A.
and Chabolle F.: Comparison of radial forearm flap and
thoracodorsal artery perforator flap donor site morbidity
for reconstruction of oral and oropharyngeal defects in
head and neck cancer. European annals of otorhinolaryngology,
head and neck diseases, 132 (4): 185-9, 2015.
13- Gatto A., Parisi P., Brambilla L., et al.: Thoracodorsal artery
perforator flap, muscle-sparing latissimus dorsi, and
descending branch latissimus dorsi: A multicenter retrospective
study on early complications and meta-analysis of
the literature. Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic
surgery : JPRAS, 75 (11): 3979-96, 2022.
Egypt, J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., April 2025 121
14- Schwabegger A.H., Harpf C. and Rainer C.: Muscle-sparing
latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap with maintenance
of muscle innervation, function, and aesthetic appearance
of the donor site. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 111
(4): 1407-11, 2003.
15- Brambilla L., Parisi P., Gatto A., et al.: A Retrospective
Comparative Analysis of Latissimus Dorsi (LD) Flap Versus
Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator (TDAP) Flap in Total
Breast Reconstruction with Implants: A Pilot Study. Journal
of reconstructive microsurgery, 38 (6): 451-9, 2022.
16- Mangialardi M.L., Baldelli I., Salgarello M. and Raposio
E.: Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap in Partial Breast
Reconstruction: A Systematic Review. Plastic and reconstructive
surgery Global open, 8 (10): e3104, 2020.
17- Hamdi M., Decorte T., Demuynck M., et al.: Shoulder function
after harvesting a thoracodorsal artery perforator flap.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 122 (4): 1111-7, 2008.
18- Fraulin F.O., Louie G., Zorrilla L. and Tilley W.: Functional
evaluation of the shoulder following latissimus dorsi muscle
transfer. Annals of plastic surgery, 35 (4): 349-55, 1995.
19- Salmi A., Tuominen R., Tukiainen E. and Asko-Seljavaara
S.: Morbidity of donor and recipient sites after free flap surgery.
A prospective study. Scandinavian journal of plastic
and reconstructive surgery and hand surgery, 29 (4): 337-
41, 1995.
20- Clough K.B., Louis-Sylvestre C., Fitoussi A., Couturaud B.
and Nos C.: Donor site sequelae after autologous breast reconstruction
with an extended latissimus dorsi flap. Plastic
and reconstructive surgery, 109 (6): 1904-11, 2002.
21- Giordano S., Kääriäinen K., Alavaikko J., Kaistila T. and
Kuokkanen H.: Latissimus dorsi free flap harvesting may
affect the shoulder joint in long run. Scandinavian journal
of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical
Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society, 100 (3):
202-7, 2011.
22- Martino G., Godard H.P., editors.: Breast reconstruction
with myocutaneous flaps: biomechanical aspects, 2010.
23- Smith S.L.: Functional morbidity following latissimus dorsi
flap breast reconstruction. Journal of the advanced practitioner
in oncology, 5 (3): 181-7, 2014.
24- Rindom M.B., Gunnarsson G.L., Lautrup M.D., Christensen
R.D., Sørensen J.A. and Thomsen J.B.: Shoulderrelated
donor site morbidity and patient-reported satisfaction
after delayed breast reconstruction with pedicled flaps
from the back: A comparative analysis. Journal of plastic,
reconstructive & aesthetic surgery: JPRAS, 71 (8): 1108-
15, 2018.
25- Schwabegger A.H., Bodner G., Ninković M. and Piza-
Katzer H.: Thoracodorsal artery perforator (TAP) flap: report
of our experience and review of the literature. British
journal of plastic surgery, 55 (5): 390-5, 2002