Exploring the Control Role of Financial Development, Trade Openness, Economic Growth, and Renewable Energy in Driving Green Growth through Fiscal Reforms in the MENA Region.
Youssef, S., Zaki, I., Mohamed, W. (2025). Exploring the Control Role of Financial Development, Trade Openness, Economic Growth, and Renewable Energy in Driving Green Growth through Fiscal Reforms in the MENA Region.. EKB Journal Management System, 45(2), 49-69. doi: 10.21608/caf.2025.434383
Sara Mohamed Abdelsalam Murad Youssef; Iman Moheb Zaki; Wael Moustafa Hassan Mohamed. "Exploring the Control Role of Financial Development, Trade Openness, Economic Growth, and Renewable Energy in Driving Green Growth through Fiscal Reforms in the MENA Region.". EKB Journal Management System, 45, 2, 2025, 49-69. doi: 10.21608/caf.2025.434383
Youssef, S., Zaki, I., Mohamed, W. (2025). 'Exploring the Control Role of Financial Development, Trade Openness, Economic Growth, and Renewable Energy in Driving Green Growth through Fiscal Reforms in the MENA Region.', EKB Journal Management System, 45(2), pp. 49-69. doi: 10.21608/caf.2025.434383
Youssef, S., Zaki, I., Mohamed, W. Exploring the Control Role of Financial Development, Trade Openness, Economic Growth, and Renewable Energy in Driving Green Growth through Fiscal Reforms in the MENA Region.. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 45(2): 49-69. doi: 10.21608/caf.2025.434383

Exploring the Control Role of Financial Development, Trade Openness, Economic Growth, and Renewable Energy in Driving Green Growth through Fiscal Reforms in the MENA Region.

التجارة والتمويل
Volume 45, Issue 2, June 2025, Page 49-69  XML PDF (1.32 MB)
DOI: 10.21608/caf.2025.434383
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Authors
Sara Mohamed Abdelsalam Murad Youssef1; Iman Moheb Zaki2; Wael Moustafa Hassan Mohamed3
1College of Management & Technology- Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport.
2Professor of Economics, College of Management & Technology- Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport
3Associate Professor of Finance and Investment. Faculty of Financial and Administrative Science – Pharos University in Alexandria
Abstract
The paper examines the control effects of financial development (bank credit to the private sector as % of GDP), trade openness (%XM of GDP), economic growth (real GDP per capita growth), and level of renewable resources of energy on the relationship between green financial reforms (especially green tax reform and government spending) and green growth measured by (carbon dioxide) in the Middle East and North African region. The research adopts a positive approach and uses quantitative methodology and secondary data analysis from the MENA region between 2012 and 2020. The results show that economic growth increased the link between government spending and CO2 emissions, while financial development and trade openness reduced it. Renewable energy had no significant impact. Trade openness and renewable resources positively influenced green fiscal reform's effect on emissions reduction, while economic growth and financial development showed no significant impact. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of how fiscal reforms promote sustainable growth
Keywords
Fiscal Form; Green; Growth; Tax; Carbon Dioxide; Emissions Renewable; Energy; Trade; Openness
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