Low-Cost Bio-innovative Titanium Alloys for Dental Implant Approaches (A Comparative In vitro – In vivo animal study)
Mostafa, D., Abdelrhman, Y., Kobayashi, S., Omar, S., Gepreel, M. (2025). Low-Cost Bio-innovative Titanium Alloys for Dental Implant Approaches (A Comparative In vitro – In vivo animal study). EKB Journal Management System, 71(3), 2281-2303. doi: 10.21608/edj.2025.369245.3421
Dawlat Mostafa; Yasser Abdelrhman; Sengo Kobayashi; Samia Omar; Mohamed Gepreel. "Low-Cost Bio-innovative Titanium Alloys for Dental Implant Approaches (A Comparative In vitro – In vivo animal study)". EKB Journal Management System, 71, 3, 2025, 2281-2303. doi: 10.21608/edj.2025.369245.3421
Mostafa, D., Abdelrhman, Y., Kobayashi, S., Omar, S., Gepreel, M. (2025). 'Low-Cost Bio-innovative Titanium Alloys for Dental Implant Approaches (A Comparative In vitro – In vivo animal study)', EKB Journal Management System, 71(3), pp. 2281-2303. doi: 10.21608/edj.2025.369245.3421
Mostafa, D., Abdelrhman, Y., Kobayashi, S., Omar, S., Gepreel, M. Low-Cost Bio-innovative Titanium Alloys for Dental Implant Approaches (A Comparative In vitro – In vivo animal study). EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 71(3): 2281-2303. doi: 10.21608/edj.2025.369245.3421

Low-Cost Bio-innovative Titanium Alloys for Dental Implant Approaches (A Comparative In vitro – In vivo animal study)

Egyptian Dental Journal
Volume 71, Issue 3 - Serial Number 4, July 2025, Page 2281-2303  XML PDF (4.42 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/edj.2025.369245.3421
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Authors
Dawlat Mostafa email orcid 1; Yasser Abdelrhmanorcid 2; Sengo Kobayashiorcid 3; Samia Omarorcid 4; Mohamed Gepreelorcid 5
1Assistant Professor of Dental Biomaterials College of Dentistry, The Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport, El-Alamein. (AASTMT/ El-Alamein), Egypt.
2Department of Design and Production Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt. Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
3Professor of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
4Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
5Material Science and Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt.
Abstract
Background: Titanium is widely used for dental implants due to its superior mechanical properties, low density, and biocompatibility. While Ti-6Al-4V (Grade V) is a standard implant alloy, concerns over aluminum and vanadium toxicity have led to the development of alternative alloys. This study evaluates the biocompatibility and osseointegration of two cost-effective, vanadium-free titanium alloys: β-type Ti–4.7Mo–4.5Fe (TMF55) and (α+β)-type Ti–3Mo–0.5Fe (TMF31), compared to Grade V titanium.

Materials and Methods: Three titanium alloys—Grade V (control), TMF55, and TMF31—were fabricated. Discs (8mm × 3mm) and implant cylinders (3mm × 6mm) were used for in vitro (EDX, XRD, Young’s modulus, cytotoxicity, cell viability) and in vivo (histology, histomorphometry, osteopontin expression) assessments. BIC% was analyzed after 2 and 6 weeks in V Spain white rabbits.

Results: EDX and XRD confirmed alloy composition. TMF31 demonstrated a significantly lower Young’s modulus (P<0.0001), higher cell viability at 6 hours (P=0.0001) and 7 days (P=0.04), strong osteopontin expression, and comparable BIC% to Grade V (P>0.1). In contrast, TMF55 showed lower Young’s modulus (P<0.0001), reduced cell viability (P<0.0001), weak osteopontin expression, and lower BIC% at 2 and 6 weeks (P=0.001).

Conclusions: TMF31 emerges as a promising, cost-effective alternative to Grade V titanium for dental implants, whereas TMF55 is unsuitable due to poor osseointegration and biocompatibility.
Keywords
dental implants; titanium alloys; osseointegration; biocompatibility; vanadium-free
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