EFFECT OF BIO-STIMULATOR ON FRUITING OF SOME MANGO CULTIVARS

EFFECT OF BIO-STIMULATOR ON FRUITING OF SOME MANGO CULTIVARS

E. M. Abd Ellatif*.¹; Zagzog^, O. A. I¹; Nermein I. El-Nagar¹ and El-Sayed, M. Q².

¹Plant Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Egypt.

² Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Suez Canal Univ., Egypt.

*grapes3030@gmail.com    

ABSTRACT

This investigation carried out during the two consecutive seasons 2016/ 17 on mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) cvs,''Haydi and Naomi''. The trees were grown in a private orchard at El Salhia region Sharqia in a sandy soil and Irrigated with drip irrigation system. Trees Were  five Year-old  Tree planted at 2x5m space to evaluate the effect of foliar bio-stimulator at ( 0, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8mg/L) at full bloom and again at30 days later on yield and fruit quality.

Results showed concentrations of stimulant increased the yield / tree (Kg) or number of fruits/ tree especially 0.8mg/L concentration. As well as, Fruit physical i.e. weight, volume, length, width, thickness, firmness and peel weight, stone weight, pulp weight characteristics fruit specific gravity and net ratio percentage were increased by this treatment. So, using the Stimulant as a foliar spray on mango trees at 0.8mg/L may improve fruit quality and increase yield of the trees.

Conclusively, results of the present work, generally, make possible to recommend producing high yield of mango fruit characterized by good physical properties by foliar application of growth stimulant.

Key words: Mango – Bio Stimulant – Fruit quality - fruit retention.

INTRODUCTION:

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most popular fruit crops in Egypt, the total area of mango tree reached 240804 fed. (Ministry of Agriculture,  2014). Many commercial mango cultivars suffered from high fruit drop, reaching about 99 % loss of fruitless, such trees need to lowering fruit drop and increasing yield as well as improving fruit quality then, testing a bio stimulant may realize each aspect.

       Spraying mango trees at full bloom with different growth regulators improved vegetative growth, fruit quality and productivity of mango fruit [Wahdan and Melouk (2004), Ghulam et al. (1999), Wahdan et al. (2011), Nkansah et al. (2012), Osama et al. (2015), Dheeraj et al. (2016) and Vijay Krishna et al. (2016)].  

Gibberellins, auxins, and cytokinin are all involved in fruit development. Lack of any growth regulator may lead to a reduction in fruit set. It assumed that external application of these plant growth regulators to the panicles or young fruits of mango would cause mobilization of metabolites to the sites of application.

            Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a commercial growth Stimulant on vegetative growth, fruit set, yield and fruit quality of “Haydi and Naomi” mango cvs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This investigation carried out during the two consecutive seasons 2016/17on mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) cvs. "Haydi and Naomi ". grown in a private orchard at El Salhia, region, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt in a sandy soil and irrigated with drip irrigation system. Trees were 5-year-old, planted at 2×5 m space, subjected to the same recommended mango orchard management. Twenty-four healthy trees were selected nearly similar in vigor and size to evaluate the effect of foliar spraying with Stimulant contains( amino acid 4.9 % - boron 1 % - magnesium 2 % - zinc 1.5 % - cytokinine and auxin 2 % - vitamins 2 %)on vegetative growth, fruit set, yield and fruit quality. The experiment included four treatments. Trees were sprayed twice, the first at full bloom, and at one month later with Stimulant at 0, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg/L. The treatments were set up in a complete block randomized design with three replicates for each treatment; each replicate represented by one tree.

Recorded data:

Number of tree/ fruits

 At harvesting, the number of fruits per panicle and tree counted for each treatment.

Yield/tree (Kg):

Tree yield in kilograms was estimated by multiplying the number of fruits per tree and the average fruit weight.

Fruit properties:

Ten fruit samples for each replicate were used to determine fruit parameters, which implicated average weight (g), volume(cm³), fruit length (cm), width (cm),thickness(cm) of fruit, pulp weight (g),net ratio % (weight fruit / pulp weight * 100). In addition, recorded peel weight (g), stone weight (g) fruit shape index (length/width), fruit specific gravity (fruit weight/volume) and fruit firmness (kg/cm²) by using Effegi  Pentrometer.

Statistical analysis:

The obtained data subjected to statistical analysis according to Snedecor and Cochran (1989). Analysis of variance and mean comparison (Duncn, 1955) done by MSTAT-C program version 7 (1990).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Yield of Haydi and Naomi mango:

   Concerning the effect of stimulant treatments on yield of Haydi and Naomi mango, data in Table (1) illustrated that in both seasons it gave a significantly increased in the number of fruits / tree and yield / tree (Kg) especially with 0.6 mg/L of stimulant treatment.

The interaction between Naomi × stimulant treatment of 0.6mg/L and 0.8mg/Lin the first and second seasons had He highest values of average fruit number /tree compared with Haydi × 0.8 mg/L of stimulant treatment in both seasons. However, Haydi × 0.8mg/L of stimulant treatment recorded highest values of yield / tree (Kg) in both seasons.

The results are in the same line with those obtained by Ghulam et al. (1999), (Wahdan and Melouk (2004)  Nkansah et al. (2012), Osama et al. (2015), Dheeraj et al. (2016) and Vijay Krishna      et al. (2016).

The application of auxins reduced the fruit drop and so increased the fruit retention in mango by antagonizing the adverse effects of growth inhibitor the abscissic acid or ethylene (Ghulam et al., 1999). Ram (1992) postulated that the spray of small quantity of exogenous hormones would activate and increase the efficiency of endogenous hormones to balance the metabolic activities of sources and sink in the plant resulted in reduce fruit drop. Wahdan and Melouk (2004) added that the reduction of fruit drop percentage by using

Table (1): Effect of Bio Stimulant on yield of Haydi and Naomi mango cvs in 2016 and 2017 seasons

Means having the same letter (s) within the same column and row are not significantly different according to Duncan, s multiple range test at 5% level of probability.

synthetic auxin (amcotone) may be due to increased auxin content of mango fruit which led to reducing fruit drop.

Additionally, Wen-Shaw (1983) indicated that, in mango, gibberellins, auxins, and cytokinins are all involved in fruit development. Lack of any growth regulator may led to a reduction in fruit set. It is assumed that external application of these plant growth regulators to the panicles or young fruits of mango will cause mobilization of metabolites to the sites of application.

Fruit physical characteristics:

Data in Tables 2 - 4 showed that weight, volume, length, width, thickness and firmness of fruit was significantly differed between the two tested mango cultivar. Generally, Haydi cv. fruits showed highest values of these parameters in both seasons.

Table (2): Effect of Bio Stimulant on fruit weight and volume of Haydi and Naomi mango cvs in 2016 and 2017 seasons

Means having the same letter (s) within the same column and row are not significantly different according to Duncan, s multiple range test at 5% level of probability.

Table (3): Effect of Bio Stimulant on fruit length and width of Haydi and Naomi mango cvs in 2016 and 2017 seasons

Means having the same letter (s) within the same column and row are not significantly different according to Duncan, s multiple range test at 5% level of probability.

Table (4): Effect of Bio Stimulant on fruit Thickness and firmness of Haydi and Naomi mango cvs in 2016 and 2017 seasons

Means having the same letter (s) within the same column and row are not significantly different according to Duncan, s multiple range test at 5% level of probability.

Stimulant treatments significantly increased fruit characteristics and treatment of stimulant 0.8mg/L gave the highest values of these parameters except firmness of fruit obtained with treatment of stimulant 0.4mg/L in both seasons. The values of these parameters were significantly the highest with Haydi cv × treatment of stimulant 0.8mg/L except firmness of fruit obtained with Haydi cv × treatment of stimulant 400 ppm in the two seasons. However, the lowest values came from two cvs × control treatment.

Data presented in Tables 5 to 7 indicated that, Haydi cv fruits showed highest significant values of peel weight, stone weight, pulp weight and fruit specific gravity compared with Naomi cv.  On the contrary, net ratio percentage and fruit shape were increased with Naomi cv compared with Haydi cv fruits.

Effect of treatments, generally, significantly increase peel value, stone and pulp weight and net ratio percentage. While, effect of treatments on fruit specific gravity and fruit shape were insignificantly in the two seasons.

Table (5): Effect of Bio Stimulant on weight of peel and stone of Haydi and Naomi mango cvs in 2016 and 2017 seasons

Means having the same letter (s) within the same column and row are not significantly different according to Duncan, s multiple range test at 5% level of probability.

The interaction between Haydi cv × treatment of stimulant 0.8mg/L in most cases gave the highest values for these parameters. While, the lowest values, generally, came from the interaction between control treatment with both cultivars. Similar trend noticed during both seasons.

Zora- Singh and Dhillion (1986 a-b), Singh et al., (1994),Wahdan and Melouk (2004), Osama et al. (2015) and Vijay Krishna et al. (2016) obtained similar results on mango concerning fruit physical characteristics.

Generally, the effect of Stimulant in improving the fruit characters  maybe due to the role of contents of Stimulant (auxins and cytokines) to multiply and to lengthen the meristem cells, which resulted in the increase of fruit weight and dimensions.

Table (6): Effect of Bio Stimulant on pulp weight and net ratio percentage of fruit of Haydi and Naomi mango cvs in 2016 and 2017 seasons

Means having the same letter (s) within the same column and row are not significantly different according to Duncan, s multiple range test at 5% level of probability.

Table (7): Effect of Bio Stimulant on fruit specific gravity and fruit shape of Haydi and Naomi mango cvs in 2016 and 2017 seasons

Means having the same letter (s) within the same column and row are not significantly different according to Duncan, s multiple range test at 5% level of probability.

Conclusively, the results of present work, generally, make possible to recommend producing high yield of mango fruit characterized by good physical properties by foliar application of growth stimulant.

REFERENCES:

Duncan, D.B. (1955). Multiple range and Multiple F test. Biometrics, 11:1- 42.

Dheeraj G.; Bhagwan, A.;Raj Kumar, M. and Sridhar, D. (2016). Studies on the effect of combination of bio regulators and growth regulators on flowering and yield of mango. International J. of Agri. Sci. and Res. (IJASR) 6 – 3: 13 – 24.

Ghulam, A. C.; Muhammad, A. A. and Ashiq, H. (1999). Effect of various growth regulators on reducing fruit drop in mango (Mangifera indica L.). Int. J. Agri. & Bio., 1(4): 288-289.

Nkansah, G. O.; Ofosu-Anim J. and Mawuli A. (2012). Gibberellic acid and naphthalene acetic acid affected fruit retention, yield and quality of Keitt mangoes in the Coastal Savanna ecological zone of Ghana. American J. of physiology, 7(6): 243-251.

Osama, H.M. El G.; A. S.M. Salama and S.M.M. Bakeer. (2015). Effect of growth regulator, antioxidant and application date on fruiting and fruit quality of mango trees cv, Keitt. J. of Agri. and Veterinary Sci., (IOSR-JAVS) 8:  87-95.

Ram, S. (1992). Naturally occurring hormones of mango and their role in growth and drop of the fruit. Acta Hort., 322: 400-411.

Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Chochran (1989). Statistical Methods. 6^th ed., Iowa State Univ.,  press Ames, Iowa, USA: 953.

Singh, J. N.; Singh, D. K. and Chakravarty, D. (1994). Effect of urea and NAA on fruit retention and physicochemical composition of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv,  Langra. Orissa J. Hort., 22 (1-2): 26-30.

Vijay Krishna, G.; Bhagwan, A.; Raj Kumar, M. and Siva Shankar, A. (2016). Effect of flower enhancing plant growth regulators and fruit set improving chemicals on flowering and fruit set of mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cv, Banganpalli. International J. of Sci. and Nature, (1): 81-88.

Wen-Shaw, Chen (1983). Cytokinins of the developing mango fruit. Plant Phys., 71: 356-361.

Wahdan, M. T. and Melouk, A. E. (2004). Effect of Amcotone on vegetative growth, fruiting, fruit yield and quality of '' Succary Abiad'' mango trees. Agric. Res. J. Suez Canal University, 4(2): 69-76.

Wahdan, M. T., Habib; S. E., Bassal; M. A. and Qaoud, E. M. (2011). Effect of some chemicals on growth, fruiting, yield and fruit quality of "Succary Abiad" mango cv. J. Amer. Sci. , 7(2):651-658.

Wen-Shaw, Chen (1983). Cytokinins of the developing mango fruit. Plant Phys. , 71: 356-361.              

Zora-Singh and Dhillion, B. S. (1986 a). Effect of plant regulators on floral malformation, flowering productivity and fruit quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.). Acta Hort., 175: 315-319.

Zora-Singh and Dhillion, B. S. (1986 b). Effect of naphthalene acetic acid, ethrel, dikegulac and hand deblossoming on floral malformation, flowering, and yield and fruit quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.). Acta Hort., 175: 307-313.

دراسة التاثیرات الفسیولوجیة لمنشط حیوى على العقد و المحصول و جودة ثمار صنفین من المانجو

السید محمد عبد اللطیف*- أسامه أحمد أبراهیم زقزوق *- نرمین إسماعیل النجار*-السید مصطفى حسن على قاعود**            

*قسم الانتاج النباتی بکلیة التکنولوجیا والتنمیة –جامعةالزقازیق –مصر

** بقسم البساتین – کلیة الزراعة بالإسماعیلیة -جامعة قناة السویس- مصر

اجریت هذه الدراسة خلال موسمین متتالیین (2016 &2017) على اشجار مانجو صنفى هایدى وناعومى فى اراضى رملیة وتروى بنظام الرى بالتنقیط فى مزرعة بالصالحیة محافظة الشرقیة وکان عمر الاشجار عند بدایة التجربة خمسة اعوام ومنزرعة على مسافة 2 متر  x 5 متر وتخضع  لادارة بستان المانجو الموصى بها.

وقد اجریت التجربة برش المرکب استیمولانت (المنشط الحیوى)  بالترکیزات الاتیة:

4,مجم /لتر، 6,مجم /لتر،8,مجم/لتربالاضافة الى معاملة الکنترول حیث تم الرش اثناء مرحلة التزهیر الکامل ومرة اخرى عند حجم الحمصة .

واشارت النتائج الى ان هناک تاثیر ایجابی حیث ادى الى زیادة المحصول عند ترکیز 8,مجم /لتر وکذلک زیادة وزن الثمار وحجمها کما ادى الى زیادة طول وعرض وسمک الثمرة کذلک زاد من وزن اللب و البذره والقشرة وظهرتحسن فى صفات جودة الثمار.

التوصیة:  من النتائج المتحصل علیها یمکن التوصیة  برش الاشجار بمرکب الاستیمولانت بترکیز 8,مجم / لتر اثناء مرحلة التزهیر الکامل ومرحلة حجم الحمصة.