RESPONSE OF SOME BARLEY CULTIVARS TO ORGANIC  MANURING AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF THE MICRONUTRIENTS MIXTURE FERTILAN 10 UNDER NEW RECLAIMED SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS.

 

A.B. Gaballah ^*  and  S.A.E. Mowafy^**

^*Plant production Department. (Agronomy), Institute of Efficient Productivity, Zagazig University, Egypt.

^**Agron. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Zagazig University, Egypt.

 

ABSTRACT

Two field experiments were conducted at a private farm at El-Salhia region, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons to study the response of three barley cultivars viz. Giza 123, Giza 124 and Giza 125 to fertilization with three levels from farmyard manure (30, 35 and 40 m³/fad.) and foliar spray with Fertilan 10 (containing micronutrients mixture) under sandy soil conditions. A split-split plot design with three replicates was used in both seasons.

The results revealed that, barley cultivars differed significantly where Giza 124 produced the highest grain and straw yields/fad. and the lowest grain protein content. However, Giza 125 recorded the highest grain protein content and the highest harvest index.

Foliar spray with Fertilan 10 had favourable significant effect on most studied traits. Grain yield/fad. was increased significantly by 14.54% over the two seasons due to this treatment.

The increase of farmyard manure rate up to 40m³/fad. produced significant increases in grain and straw yields/fad. and most of their attributes. These increases were at for with those produced by the addition of 35 m³/fad.

No significant interaction effect could be detected between each two of the factors under study on grain yield/fad. or any of its attributes.

The results indicated that grain yield/fad. was positively and highly significantly correlated with all studied traits including number of spikes/m², number of grains/spike, weight of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight.

Results cleared that the highest yield could be obtained from sowing Giza 124 barely cv. and addition of 35 m3 FYM with the foliar application of Firtlan 10 , under sandy soil conditions of El- Salhia region , Sharkia  Govern orate.

Key words : Barley cultivars, organic manuring and foliar application.

 

INTRODUCATION

In Egypt, barley is the main winter crop in the North western coast and North Sinai were it is rain fed and as well under sprinkler irrigation in the newly reclaimed lands. It is used mainly for feeding animals and for bread making, either alone or mixed with wheat. Also, it is used for malting in the brewing industry. Most of barley is grown in marginal lands which suffer from adverse conditions such as poor fertility levels. As most of the areas in the newly reclaimed lands are sandy soils, organic manuring and micronutrients fertilization are considered among the most important cultural practices for increasing barley productivity. Many investigators concluded that these cultural practices increased yields of barley cultivars and its components in addition to its quality.

Several workers reported that barley cultivars showed significant differences in yield and yield attributes (Noaman et al., 1995; Gomaa, 1997; El-Hindi et al., 1998; El-Bawab, 1999; Abdel-Hamid and Mohamed, 2000; El-Bawab et al., 2003 and Abd Alla, Moha, 2004). However, Jha et al., 1981; Noworolnik and Pecio, 1989 and Abdel-Hamid et al., 2001 stated insignificant differences between cultivars regarding grain yield and grain protein content.

Soil application of micronutrients to alkaline soils is partially useless due to the fixation of most of these elements in the soil or because of leaching in the drainage water (Reuther, 1957). Mahmoud et al.(1987) found that foliar spray with 0.3% ZnSO enhanced significantly number of spikes and grain yield of barley variety CC89.

El-Sayed and Abdel-Hadi, (1991) found that grain yield of barley grown on calcareous soil was increased by 38%, 36%, 34% and 9% over the check treatment by spraying the plants with Zn, Mn, Fe and mixture of Zn+Mn+Fe, respectively. Also, Sanjay and Singh, 2004 reported that grain and straw yields were increased significantly with the soil application of Zn at the rate of 5.0 kg Zn/ha. Yield components like effective tillers, ear length, number of grains per ear and test weight were increased significantly due to the application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha. compared to lower levels.

The response of barley plants to the increase of organic manure application was studied by many workers. Sharma et al.,( 2001) found that grain and straw yields obtained with 75 kgN/ha. alone was at par with that obtained with 60 kgN/ha along with 10 tons of farmyard manure/ha. El-Toukhy and Abd-Alla, (2002) grew Acacia saligna with both barley and ryegrass under three levels of organic manure (0, 20 and 40 m³/fad.). they mentioned that application of 40 m³/fad. organic manure gave significant increase of fresh and dry yields. Madlain Salib et al.(2002) reported that addition 7.5 m³ farmyard manure (FYM)/fad. was the best treatment for barley plants regarding grain, straw yields, harvest index and 1000-grain weight. Addition of organic manure increased significantly grain yield/ha. compared with treatments without organic manuring (Kismanyoky, 2005 and Berecz et al., 2005).

This investigation aimed to study the response of some barley cultivars to fertilization with organic manure and foliar micronutrients application under new reclaimed sandy soils.

 

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS

 

Two field experiments were conducted at a private farm at El-Salhia region, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons to study the responses of three barley cultivars viz. Giza 123, Giza 124 and Giza 125 to fertilization with three levels from farmyard manure (30, 35 and 40 m³/fad.) and foliar spray with Fertilan 10 which is a mixture of only micronutrients (3.5% Fe, 3.25% Mn, 2.75% Zn, 0.025% Cu, 0.25% B, > 0.1% Mo) in addition to cobalt (> 0.1%) and Nickel (> 0.1%). The soil of the experimental site is sandy in texture, it had an average pH value 8.09. and available N, P and K of 11.32, 3.74 and 91.5 ppm, respectively (average over the two seasons for the upper 25cm of soil depth). Nitrogen fertilization (Ammonium sulphate 20.6%) was applied at rate of 70 kgs N/fad. in three equal doses as well as a basal dose of calcium superphosphate (15.5% P₂O₅) and potassium sulphate (48% K₂O) at a rate 31 kgs P₂O₅ and 48 kgs K₂O/fad., respectively were soil applied during seedbed preparation. The other agronomic practices were adopted as recommended in the area. Surface irrigation was followed.

A split-split plot design with three replicates was used in both seasons. The three barley cultivars were assigned to the main plots. The sub plots included foliar spray with micro elements (treated and untreated), while farmyard manure treatments were distributed in the sub-sub plots. Plot area was 9m² (3×3) including 15 rows 20 cm. part and 3m. long . The preceding crop was peanut in both seasons. Barley seeds were sown by hand drilling on 20^th and 17^th of November in the first and second seasons, respectively. Foliar treatment with micro elements (Fertilan 10) at rate 900cm³/fad. was sprayed in 600 liter of water after 30, 40, 50 and 60 days from sowing.

At harvest, ten competitive plants were randomly taken from the second inner rows of each plot to determine plant height (cm). In the meantime, 10 spikes were randomly taken to determine spike length (with awn), number of grains/spike and grain weight/spike(g). Also a fixed area of 2m² was harvested from each plot to determine number of tillers/m², number of spikes/m², 1000-grain weight(g), grain yield ton/fad., straw yield ton/fad., biological yield (grain+straw) in ton/fad. and harvest index. Grain protein content was determined as a total nitrogen percentage by micro-Kjeldahle method according to A.O.A.C.(1980), then converted to protein percentage by multiplying 6.25 as used by Tripathi and Kdward (1978).

The results were subjected to standard analysis of variance according to the procedure described by Snedecor and Cochran (1967). For comparison between means, Duncan’s multiple range test was used (Duncan, 1955). The combined analysis of variance of the two seasons was used to calculate the simple correlation coefficient as described by Svab (1973).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 

1- Varietal differences:

Highly significant differences were detected among barley cultivars in their, plant height, number of spikes/m², spike length, number of grains/spike, grain weight/spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, protein percentage and biological yield in both seasons and the combined. Also, barley cultivars showed significant differences in numbers of tillers/m² during the second season and the combined while these cultivars showed significant differences in harvest index of the 1^st season and combined (Tables1, 2 and 3). Relevant results indicated that Giza 124 was superior to the other cultivars in all characters except, protein percentage and harvest index where Giza 125 produced the highest values in this respect. However, the differences did not reach the level of significant between Giza 123 and Giza 125 of number of tillers/m², number of spikes/m², number of grains/spike, grain weight/spike and grain yield in combined data. Moreover, the differences was not significant between Giza 123 and Giza 124 in harvest index (combined data) . It could be concluded that differences between barley cultivars could be due to genetic differences. These results are in a good line with those reported by El-Kholy and El-Bawab, 1998; El-Hindi et al., 1998; Abdel-Hamid and Mohamed, 2000; El-Bawab et al., 2003 and Abd Alla, Maha, 2004.

 

2- Effect of Fertilan 10 application:

Foliar spray with Fertilan 10 had significant favourable effects on number of grains/spike, grain weight/spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield. This was true in both seasons and in the combined data. Also, foliar nutrition with Fertilan 10 produced significant increase in plant height, number of spikes/m² and spike length during the second season and the combined compared with the control. However, significant differences were observed between these treatments in number of tillers/m² and harvest index in combined data only. Grain yield/fad. was increased significantly by 16.69% in the first season, and by 12.77% in the second one giving average of 14.54% over the two seasons. These results indicate that Fertilan 10 enhanced the growth processes such as stem and root elongation and leaf expansion (Prasad and Power, 1997 and Trostle et al., 2001). This favourable effect was in turn, reflected in grain and straw yields and almost all of their attributes as observed herein. These results are in accordance with those of Mohmoud et al., 1987, El-Sayed and Abdel-Hadi, 1991 and El-Sayed et al., 1992.

 

3- Organic manuring effect:

The data illustrated in Tables 1, 2 and 3 indicate clearly that plant height, number of grains/spike, grain weight/spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield were increased significantly with increasing rates of Farmyard manure up to 35 m³/fad. in both seasons and the combined. Also, number of tillers/m² and number of spikes/m² were increased significantly with increasing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

rate of farmyard manure in the second season and over the two seasons. Furthermore, the differences among the three rates of organic manure were not great enough to reach the level of significance in spike length, protein percentage and harvest index in the two seasons and combined. Also, the differences were not significant between the 35 and 40m³ farmyard manure rate in number of tillers/m², number of spikes/m², number of grains/spike, grain weight/spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield/fad., straw yield/fad. and biological yield in the combined data and most seasons. Application of farmyard manure up to 40m³/fad. increased grain and straw yields/fad. significantly by 20.77% and 34.62% in the first season, 23.21% and 32.56% in the second season and 22.12% and 33.51% in the combined compared with 30 m³ rate. The increment in barley yield and its attributes might be attributed to the role of farmyard manure, as a sources of the essential macro and micro nutrients, in enhancing the growth of barley plants as well as dry matter accumulation (Yakout et al., 1998). These results are in agreement with those obtained by Shrma et al.(2001); El-Toukhy and Abd-Alla, (2002) and Kismanyoky ( 2005).

 

4- Interaction effect:

The data presented in Tables 1, 2 and 3 show no significant interaction effects between the three factors under study on all regarding studied trait in both seasons and combined. This indicates that the effect of each factor was independent from the effect of the other. Therefore, all cultivars under study showed similar response to spraying micronutrients and addition of farmyard manure.

 

5- Correlation study:

The interrelationships between grain yield/fad. and yield contributing characters measured as simple correlation coefficients are shown in Table 4.

Grain yield showed positive and significant correlation with each of plant height, number of tillers/m², number of spikes/m², spike length, number of grains/spike, weight of grains/spike, 1000-grains weight, straw yield/fad., grain protein content, biological yield and harvest index. Similar results were reported by Sarhan et al.(2002) and Abd Alla, Maha,(2004).

Conclusively, results cleared that the highest yield could be obtained from sowing Giza 124 barely cv. and addition of 35 m3 FYM with the foliar application of Firtlan 10 , under sandy soil conditions of El- Salhia region , Sharkia  Govern orate.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

REFERENCES

 

استجابة بعض أصناف الشعیر للسماد العضوى والتغذیة الورقیة بمرکب العناصر الصغرى فرتیلان 10 تحت ظروف الأرض الرملیة حدیثة الاستصلاح

 

^*السید بیومی جاب الله و ^**صابر عبد الحمید السید موافی

^* قسم الإنتاج النباتی ( فرع المحاصیل ) – معهد الکفایة الإنتاجیة – جامعة الزقازیق – مصر.

^** قسم المحاصیل – کلیة الزراعة – جامعة الزقازیق – مصر.

 

 

أقیمت تجربتان حقلیتان بإحدى المزارع الخاصة بمنطقة الصالحیة محافظة الشرقیة خلال موسمی 2004/2005 , 2005/2006 بغرض دراسة استجابة ثلاث أصناف من الشعیر (جیزه 123 , جیزه 124 وجیزه 125 ) للتغذیة الورقیة بمرکب فرتیلان 10 وثلاث معدلات من السماد العضوى ( 30 , 35 , 40م³/فدان ) وصممت التجربة بنظام القطع المنشقة مرتین فى ثلاث مکررات تحت ظروف الأراضى الرملیة حدیثة الاستصلاح وتتلخص أهم النتائج فیما یلى :

اختلفت الأصناف معنویاً فى جمیع الصفات حیث تفوق الصنف جیزه 124 فى محصولى الحبوب والقش/فدان ومعظم الصفات المدروسة , بینما تفوق الصنف جیزه 125 فى النسبة المئویة للبروتین فى الحبوب وکذلک دلیل الحصاد.

أدت التغذیة بمرکب فرتیلان 10 إلى تحسین معظم الصفات المدروسة وحققت زیادة معنویة فى محصول الفدان من الحبوب بنسبة 14.54% وفى محصــول القـش بنسبة 8.37% لمتوسط الموسمین.

أدت زیادة معدل التسمید العضوى إلى 40م3/ فدان إلى زیادة معنویة فى محصولى الحبوب والقش/فدان کذلک أغلب مساهمات المحصول ولم تصل الفروق لحد المعنویة مع معدل التسمید بـ 35 م³/فدان .

ارتبط محصول الحبوب معنویاً بارتفاع النبات , عدد الاشطاء/م² , عدد السنابل /م² , طول السنبلة , عدد الحبوب بالسنبلة , وزن حبوب السنبلة , وزن 1000 حبه , محصول القش , المحصول البیولوجى ودلیل الحصاد .

توصى الدراسة من خلال النتائج المتحصل علیها بزراعـة الصنف جیزه 124 والتسمید بمعدل 35م³ سماد عضوى للفدان مع التغذیة الورقیة بمرکب فرتیلان10 للمحصول على إنتاجیة عالیة من الشعیر تحت ظروف الأراضى الرملیة المستصلحة بمنطقة الصالحیة محافظة الشرقیة .

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