EVALUATION OF NINE EGYPTIAN BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS FOR SALT TOLERANCE AT SEEDLING AND ADULT-PLANT STAGES | ||||
| Journal of Plant Production | ||||
| Article 6, Volume 7, Issue 2, February 2016, Page 147-159 PDF (904.67 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2016.45248 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| Kh. E. Ragab1; N. I. Taha2 | ||||
| 1Wheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Egypt. | ||||
| 2Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The present study was conducted at the Experimental Farm and the Laboratories of Wheat Research Department and Soil Physical and Chemical Research Department of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, AgriculturalResearchCenter, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, in 2014/2015 season. The objectives of this investigation were to study salinity effect on different nine bread wheat cultivars, to identify salt tolerance in several growth stages, and to identify salt tolerance screening criteria by studying the relationship between wheat yield under salt affected soil and several growth stages characters. Three experiments were conducted in 2014/2015, i.e., seedling test in the lab (open area), adult plant evaluation in pots in open area and field experiment in normal soil and salt affected soil. Salinization in seedling and pots experiments was established using five levels of Mediterranean Sea water to tap water mixtur (0, 26, 29, 31,33and 35% sea water) which established EC 0.48, 13.5, 15.0, 16.0, 17.0 and 18.0 dSm-1, respectively. The nine cultivars Misr 1, Misr 2, Giza 139, Giza 144, Gemmeiza 9, Gemmeiza 3, Hindi 62, Sids1 and Sids 12 were used. Results indicated that increasing salt concentrations caused significant decrease in shoot dry weight, shoot length, root dry weight, root length and emergence index at seedling stage; plant height, biological yield, grain yield, straw yield, number of kernels per spike and kernel weight at adult plant stage; however, shoot root dry weight ratio at seedling stage was increased. The variances due to salt treatments had the major portion of total variance, indicated the large effect of salt stress on growth characters compared to genotypes and genotypes × salt concentration interaction's variances. The treatment 33% sea water mix (17dSm-1) seems to be suitable for screening the studied cultivars for salt tolerance. The large variance among the nine cultivars for shoot length, emergence index and shoot-root dry weight ratio under salt stress indicated the importance of these characters in studying the effect of salt stress at seedling stage. Strong and positive correlations were found between biological yield (under salt affected soil) and each of emergence index and shoot length at seedling stage; number of spike per pots, biological and straw yields per pot at adult-plant stage. Based on stress tolerance index, out of the nine studied cultivars, Misr 2 can be classified as salt tolerant cultivar and Gemmeiza 3 and Sids 12 as salt sensitive cultivars. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Bread wheat; salinity stress; seedling and adult-plant salt tolerance | ||||
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