المقولات في المنطق القديم والحديث

عنوان المقالة [English]

Categories in ancient and modern logic.

المؤلفون [English]

Dr. Ghada Abdel Jalil Ahmed Al-Ghunaimi .

Teacher at the Faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies for Girls in Alexandria Assistant Professor at the College of Sharia and Regulations, Taif University .

المستخلص [English]

Abstract:

Flashback that the categories have taken a large area of ​​discussion between philosophers and logical old and new, and the debate and debate among researchers about the nature and reality of thesecategories and their attribution to Aristotle or not, as well as their disagreement about the number of these  the categories intensified. 

All this difference and discussion led me to study this topic, and then this research came under the title: ( The Categories  in ancient and modern logic(  to explain the truth of the categories, their nature and the view of philosophers across the ages, beginning with Greek logic, passing through Islamic logic, and ending with modern logic, and to achieve this The purpose of this research came with an introduction, preamble, three sections, a conclusion, and indexes, as follows:

Introduction: It includes: the importance of research and the study plan.

Introduction: Includes: Definition of terms, language and convention, and to whom the categories are attributed.

The first topic: It came under the title "The Categories of Greece".

This topic deals with the discussion of quotations among Aristotle and the Stoics.

The second topic: It came under the title: “The categories of Islam's philosophers.”

This topic deals with talking about the categories of Islam philosophers Ka (Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd), speakers and jurists Ka (Ibn Hazm, Al-ghazaly).

The third topic: It came under the title "The categories of modern philosophers".

This topic deals with the discussion of the categories according to (Kant and Hegel), as they are more important than the discussion of the categories in research and analysis in the modern era.

Then the conclusion: which deals with the most important results, including.

1-      The definitions of philosophers have multiplied, both ancient and modern, because of the different visions, stripes, and starting points, and the reality and nature of logic for each of them.

2-      If Aristotle was influenced by Plato in his logical context, he did not take his arguments from him, because Aristotle's arguments are based primarily on the distinction between essences and symptoms, and this distinction is not found by Plato, just as the arguments by which Plato said differ from those that Stated by Aristotle.

3-      Aristotle was able, through the categories, to set a comprehensive intellectual framework for classifying the assets, and he called his categories the highest races, and his statements came in ten categories.

الکلمات الرئيسية [English]

(Plato) (Aristotle) (modern logic) (the ten categories) (higher races) (substances and symptoms) (ancient logic).