PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GRAPE SEEDS EXTRACT AGAINST SODIUM NITRITE-INDUCED TOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS
Hammoud, G. (2014). PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GRAPE SEEDS EXTRACT AGAINST SODIUM NITRITE-INDUCED TOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS. EKB Journal Management System, 49(1), 1-34. doi: 10.21608/ajps.2014.6956
Gihan Hammoud. "PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GRAPE SEEDS EXTRACT AGAINST SODIUM NITRITE-INDUCED TOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS". EKB Journal Management System, 49, 1, 2014, 1-34. doi: 10.21608/ajps.2014.6956
Hammoud, G. (2014). 'PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GRAPE SEEDS EXTRACT AGAINST SODIUM NITRITE-INDUCED TOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS', EKB Journal Management System, 49(1), pp. 1-34. doi: 10.21608/ajps.2014.6956
Hammoud, G. PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GRAPE SEEDS EXTRACT AGAINST SODIUM NITRITE-INDUCED TOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS. EKB Journal Management System, 2014; 49(1): 1-34. doi: 10.21608/ajps.2014.6956

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GRAPE SEEDS EXTRACT AGAINST SODIUM NITRITE-INDUCED TOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS

Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Article 3, Volume 49, Issue 1 - Serial Number 49, March 2014, Page 1-34  XML PDF (3.56 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ajps.2014.6956
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Author
Gihan Hammoud
Regional Center for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
Abstract
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is important antimicrobial, flavoring, coloring and preservative agent in meat and fish product. However, nitrite may cause methemoglobinemia and other illness, and may react with certain amines to form carcinogenic nitrosamines. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of grape seeds extract (GSE) as a potential novel and useful strategy for the modulation of oxidative stress and toxicity induced by NaNo2 in male rats. Sodium nitrite was used at two dose levels 1 and 2g/L and orally administrated to rats in drinking water for 4 and 8 weeks. Ingestion of NaNO2, resulted in significant time and dose- dependent reduction in RBCs count, WBCs count, hemoglobin (Hb) content, serum albumin and total protein (TP), plasma reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione -S- transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents in the treated rats. whereas, blood methemoglobin (MetHb), serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatinine, urea, triglycerides, total cholesterol and  lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde, MDA) were significantly increased in dose and time dependant manner after implication of this preservative. Hyperglycemia was observed in NaNO2 ingested rats. Moreover, histopathological examination of NaNO2 treated rats at the end of experiment revealed marked alterations in liver, kidneys, brain, heart, lung and testes. The degree of severity of noted lesions increased with increase of administrated dose. Fortunately, synergistic administration of ethanolic GSE (150 mg/kg body weight (B.W)/day) and NaNO2 resulted in significant amelioration of negative effect of NaNO2 on the investigated biochemical parameters and improvement of investigated antioxidant especially with low NaNO2 dose and longer time. Moreover, GSE administration was able to protect most of tested organs against low NaNO2 dose and minimize the damage induced by high NaNO2 dose. It was concluded that GSE supplementation could be considered as a promising antioxidant in reducing oxidative stress and toxicity of NaNO2. 
Keywords
Sodium Nitrite; Grape seeds extract; Oxidative Stress; biochemical parameters; and Pathological examination
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