Preparation of Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst Loaded by Copper in Nano-scale Green Application to Synthesis of Biolubricant
Ibrahim, A., Al-Shafey, H., El-Desouki, D., Abdel-Azim, S., Aboul-Gheit, N. (2018). Preparation of Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst Loaded by Copper in Nano-scale Green Application to Synthesis of Biolubricant. EKB Journal Management System, 61(3), 503-516. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2018.3044.1267
Amina Hamdy Ibrahim; Hussein I. Al-Shafey; Doaa El-Desouki; Samira M. Abdel-Azim; Noha A. K. Aboul-Gheit. "Preparation of Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst Loaded by Copper in Nano-scale Green Application to Synthesis of Biolubricant". EKB Journal Management System, 61, 3, 2018, 503-516. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2018.3044.1267
Ibrahim, A., Al-Shafey, H., El-Desouki, D., Abdel-Azim, S., Aboul-Gheit, N. (2018). 'Preparation of Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst Loaded by Copper in Nano-scale Green Application to Synthesis of Biolubricant', EKB Journal Management System, 61(3), pp. 503-516. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2018.3044.1267
Ibrahim, A., Al-Shafey, H., El-Desouki, D., Abdel-Azim, S., Aboul-Gheit, N. Preparation of Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst Loaded by Copper in Nano-scale Green Application to Synthesis of Biolubricant. EKB Journal Management System, 2018; 61(3): 503-516. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2018.3044.1267

Preparation of Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst Loaded by Copper in Nano-scale Green Application to Synthesis of Biolubricant

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Article 11, Volume 61, Issue 3, May and June 2018, Page 503-516  XML PDF (1.2 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2018.3044.1267
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Authors
Amina Hamdy Ibrahim email 1; Hussein I. Al-Shafey2; Doaa El-Desouki3; Samira M. Abdel-Azim3; Noha A. K. Aboul-Gheit4
1Processes Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
2Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
3Process Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
4Process Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
This study investigates the activity of copper-doped catalysts supported on sulfated zirconia (SZ) for the esterification of Free Fatty Acid (FFA). Three catalysts SZ, Cu/SZ (sol) and Cu/SZ (imp) were prepared. The loaded catalysts contain 10% Cu supported on sulfated zirconia (Cu/SZ) were prepared by wet impregnation and sol-gel methods. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, NH3 Temperature Programmed Desorption, N2 adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and imaged by scanning electron microscopy. The XRD analysis showed that, the loading of Cu in the zirconia structure has stabilized the tetragonal zirconia phase, which is the most active phase. Also, the formation of (CuO-ZrO) composite has been proved. The TPD illustrated that the incorporation of Cu ions in the lattice of zirconia via sol-gel technique has lowered the acidity of the catalyst much more than impregnation technique. As a green application, different concentrations of the prepared catalysts were used for preparation of biolubricants by direct esterification of FFAs. The Cu/SZ/ (sol) catalyst has the highest activity. The percentage yields of synthesized biolubricants reached 99.8% when 0.3 % from the selected catalyst was utilized. Pour point, Flash point, Viscosity index, Apparent Viscosity and Percentage yield values of synthetic ester oils were evaluated.
Keywords
sulfated zirconium; biolubricant; green application; sol-gel; free fatty acid
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