EFFECT OF SPLIT APPLICATION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES AND GRAIN YIELD OF BROADCAST SEEDED EGYPTIAN HYBRID RICE (Ι) | ||||
| Journal of Plant Production | ||||
| Article 9, Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2013, Page 1259-1280 PDF (1016.54 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2013.74091 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| W. M. Elkhoby1; A. M. El-Khtyar1; H. M. Hassan1; B. B. Mikhael1; Kh. A. Abdelaal2 | ||||
| 1Rice Research and Training Center, Filed Crops Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
| 2Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| An experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during 2011 and 2012 seasons. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four replications. The main plots were devoted to the nitrogen level 220kg N/ha in form of urea (46.5% N). The sub-plots were allocated to the six times of nitrogen application to assess the effect of six nitrogen application treatments, viz., T_1: (2⁄(3 ) as B ( basal ) + 1⁄3 at PI ( panicle initiation)), T_2: (1⁄3 as B + 1⁄3 at MT (mid-tillering) + 1⁄3 at PI.)), T_3:(1⁄2 as B + 1⁄4 at MT + 1⁄4 at PI.)), T_4:(1⁄4 as B + 1⁄4 at MT + 1⁄4 at PI + 1⁄4 at BT (booting)), T_5:(1⁄4 as B + 1⁄4 at MT + 1⁄4 at BT + 1⁄4 at CH (complete heading)), and T_6:(1⁄4 as B + 1⁄4 at MT + 1⁄4 at PI + 1⁄4 at F ( flowering)) on morpho-physiological attributes and grain yield of Egyptian hybrid rice (1) under broadcast seeded-rice. The results revealed that nitrogen levels caused significant increases in all morpho-physiological attributes and grain yield of Egyptian hybrid rice (1), except for number of primary branches/panicle, number of panicle/m², panicle weight and 1000-grain weight in both seasons. Leaf area index and dry matter production at flowering were significantly increased in first and second seasons, respectively, Increasing N-level up to 220kg N/ha significantly increased number of unfilled grains/panicle and straw yield t/ha. In addition, application of 165kg N/ha produced the highest values of number of filled grains/panicle, grain yield t/ha and harvest index in both seasons. Moreover, It was observed that the highest estimated values of dry matter production at panicle initiation and straw yield; and the lowest number of panicles/m² were recorded in the first treatment (T_1), without significant differences with the 〖(T〗_(3 )) and 〖(T〗_(5 )) treatments in both seasons. The highest dry matter production at flowering, LAI at flowering, chlorophyll content in flag leaf, days to 50% heading, plant height at harvest, number of primary branches/panicle, panicle weight, heaviest 1000-grain weight, harvest index and grain yield were exhibited in 〖(T〗_(6 )) in both seasons, The interaction between nitrogen levels and time of nitrogen application had significant effect on dry matter production ( g/m²) at panicle initiation, leaf area index at both panicle initiation and at flowering, chlorophyll content in flag leaf and number of tillers/m², number of filled grains/panicle in both seasons and number of unfilled grains/panicle in the second season. From the obtained results, it could be recommended that splitting of N-fertilizer application with the rate of 165 kg/ha in four equal doses i.e. as basal application, mid-tillering, panicle initiation and at the flowering stages were played a remarkable role for achievement of high yield production from Egyptian hybrid (1) rice genotype, when it grown under broadcast seeded rice under normal soil in Egypt. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| rice; nitrogen; split application; morpho-physiological; chlorophyll and grain yield | ||||
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