هضبة الجيزه قبل بناء الأهرامات في ضوء الإکتشافات الحديثة Giza before the pyramids, in the light of the recent excavation | ||||
| حولية الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب "دراسات فى آثار الوطن العربى" | ||||
| Article 28, Volume 23, Issue 23 - Serial Number 22, 2020, Page 823-836 PDF (771.61 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/cguaa.2020.22903.1010 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
شريف محمد عبد المنعم 
| ||||
| وزارة الاثار | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| تشتهر هضبة الجيزه بما لديها من أهرامات ومقابر ذات زخارف جيده جدا من عصر الدولة القديمة ولکن الاکتشافات الآثرية الحديثة أظهرت وجود حضارة ما قبل عصر الملک خوفو وهي حضارة بوتو معادي والتي تم العثور على آثارها في العديد من المواقع مثل المعادي ووادي دجله وبوتو وادي دجله هليوبليس، وغيرهاوغيرها. خلال البحث يتم حصر الآثار التي تم العثور عليها قبل عهد خوفو بأکثر من 400 عام حيث يتم استعراض ما أسفرت عنه أعمال الحفائر خلال أکثر من 120 عام والتي لا تزال مستمرة حتى الآن بواسطة بعثات أجنبية ومصرية والتي أسفرت عن وجود دلائل على وجود العديد من الآثار التي تعود إلى فترة عصور ما قبل التاريخ مرورا بعصر الأسرة الأولى والثانية والثالثة. ويتم خلال هذا البحث أيضا التناول باستفاضة حول ناتج أعمال الحفائر في منطقة المدينة السکنية للعمال بناة الأهرام جنوب هضبة الجيزه والتي کشفت عن وجود آثار من حضارة المعادي في هضبة الجيزه لم يتم نشرها من قبل. Giza is famous by its pyramids, sphinx, and the rich, decorated of the high official’s Old kingdom tombs, but in fact, the site was settled in prehistoric times; Neolithic objects have been found there. There is information scarcity about Giza before Cheops. This paper aims to shed light on the results of the documentation of pre-dynastic activities in Giza and the interpretation of its contexts. there were Early Dynastic mortuary traditions at Giza, to which attention will be drawn in this paper. Excavations have brought to light funerary monuments dating from the first three dynasties in the southern sector of the Gîza necropolis, but the study of these has been hampered to a certain extent by the lack of an overall plan of the area, marking the locations of the known tombs. The identification of the Buto-Maadi culture (dating from 3,800 to 3,200 BC) is based on a number of sites in Lower Egypt, such as Maadi, Wadi Degla, , and Buto. This paper will discuss the old discovered evidence of pre-dynastic occurrence in Giza (especially Maadi culture) as well as the recent excavation at Giza carried out by Ancient Egypt Research Associate revealed evidence of pre-dynastic sherds dated to the Maadi civilization. One of this available information about Giza at the pre-dynastic time is four jars (Although there are a number of Questioning surrounding these jars.) These jars kept in the Egyptian museum with TR. Nos. 18-6-25-(1/2/3/4). These jars reexamined recently by the author. These jars found in 1907 near the Great pyramid during the excavation of Ahmed Kamal but the context is unsecured. Additional evidence from the area surrounding Giza plateau is also used to explore this period in Giza. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| الجيزه; قبل التاريخ; حضارة المعادي; فخار; مساکن العمال Giza; Pre-dynastic; Maadi civilization; Pottery; workmen community | ||||
| References | ||||
|
- Abd el Moneim, Mohammed Adel Mohammed 2000. Knobbed bowls of the late Predynastic - Early Dynastic Period. In Kroeper, Karla, Lech Krzyżaniak, and Michał Kobusiewicz (eds).
-Amer Bey, M. 1952. Recent discoveries at Maadi, near Cairo. In Leakey, L. S. B. and Sonia Cole (eds), Proceedings of the Pan-African Congress on Prehistory, 1947, 238-239. Oxford: Blackwell.
-Amer, Mustafa 1934. The excavations of the Egyptian University in the prehistoric site at Maadi: fourth season (1934). Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Egypt 2 (2), 176-178.
- Amer, Mustafa 1933. Two seasons' digging in the prehistoric site at Maadi. Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Egypt 1 (1), 140-143.
-Bittel, K. 1932. Part II: The stationary finds. In Menghin, Oswald and Mustafa Amer, The excavations of the Egyptian University in the neolithic site at Maadi: first preliminary report (season 1930-31), 9-20. Cairo: Misr-Sokkar.
-Brink, Edwin C. M. van den 1989. A transitional Late Predynastic - Early Dynastic settlement site in the northeastern Nile delta, Egypt. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 45, 55-108.
-Bovier-Lapierre, Paul 1932. La bourgade protohistorique de Méadi (sud du Caire). Chronique d'Égypte 7 (13-14), 57-64.
-Brunton, Guy 1939. A First Dynasty cemetery at Maadi. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte 39, 419-424.
-Caneva, Isabella, Marcella Frangipane, and Alba Palmieri 1989. Recent excavations at Maadi (Egypt). In Krzyżaniak, Lech and Michał Kobusiewicz (eds), Late prehistory of the Nile Basin and the Sahara, 287-293. Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum.
-Engles, D. R. (1990) An Early Dynastic cemetery at Kafr Ghattati. JARCE 27: 7 l-87.
-Hendrickx, Stan 1999. La chronologie de la préhistoire tardive et des débuts de l'histoire de l'Égypte. Archéo-Nil 9, 13-81.
-Hendrickx, Stan and Edwin C. M. van den Brink 2002. Inventory of Predynastic and Early Dynastic cemetery and settlement sites in the Egyptian Nile Valley. In Brink, Edwin C. M. van den and Thomas E. Levy (eds), Egypt and the Levant: interrelations from the 4th through the early 3rd millennium BCE, 346-399. London ; New York: Leicester University Press.
-Hoffman, Michael A. 1979. Egypt before the pharaohs: the prehistoric foundations of Egyptian civilization. New York; London; Henley: Alfred A. Knopf; Routledge & Kegan Paul.
-Jeffreys, David and Ana Tavares 1994. The historic landscape of Early Dynastic Memphis. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 50, 143-173.
-Lehner, Mark and Zahi Hawass 2017. Giza and the pyramids: the definitive history. London: Thames & Hudson
-Lukas, J. 1931. Bericht über die neolithische Station von Maadi bei Kairo. Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 61, 203-208.
-Martin, Geoffrey T. 1997. "Covington's Tomb" and related early monuments at Gîza. In Berger, Catherine and Bernard Mathieu (eds), Études sur l'Ancien Empire et la nécropole de Saqqâra dédiées à Jean-Philippe Lauer 2, 279-288. Montpellier: Université Paul Valéry-Montpellier III.
-Midant-Reynes, Béatrix 1992. Préhistoire de l'Égypte: des premiers hommes aux premiers pharaons. Paris: Armand Colin.
- Mortensen, Bodil 1985. Four jars from the Maadi Culture found in Giza. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 41, 145-147.
-Rizkana, Ibrahim and Jürgen Seeher 1988. Maadi, II: the lithic industries of the predynastic settlement. Archäologische Veröffentlichungen, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Abteilung Kairo 65. Mainz: Zabern.
-Rizkana, Ibrahim and Mostafa El-Alfi 1988. Mâadi, Memphis and Heliopolis. Discussions in Egyptology 11, 53-60.
-Rizkana, Ibrahim and Jürgen Seeher 1987. Maadi, I: the pottery of the predynastic settlement. Archäologische Veröffentlichungen, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Abteilung Kairo 64. Mainz: Zabern.
-Rizkana, Ibrahim and Jürgen Seeher 1985. The chipped stones at Maadi: preliminary reassessment of a predynastic industry and its long-distance relations. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 41, 235-255.
-Rizkana, Ibrahim and Jürgen Seeher 1984. New light on the relation of Maadi to the Upper Egyptian cultural sequence. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 40, 237-252.
- Seeher, Jürgen 1990. Maadi - eine prädynastische Kulturgruppe zwischen Oberägypten und Palästina. Praehistorische Zeitschrift 65, 123-156.
- Sanussi, Ashraf el- and Michael Jones 1997. A site of the Maadi culture near the Giza pyramids. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 53, 241-253.
-Menghin, Oswald and Mustafa Amer 1932. The excavations of the Egyptian University in the neolithic site at Maadi: first preliminary report (season 1930-31). Egyptian University, Faculty of Arts, Publication 19. Cairo: Misr-Sokkar.
-Tavares, Ana, Daniel Jones, Freya Sadarangani, and Hanan Mahmoud 2014. Excavations east of the Khentkawes Town in Giza: a preliminary site report. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale 114 (2), 519-561.
-Tutundžić, Sava P. 1988. Review: Rizkana, Ibrahim and Jürgen Seeher 1987. Maadi I: the pottery of the predynastic settlement. Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 64. Mainz am Rhein, Verlag Philipp von Zabern. Starinar 38, 139-142.
-Tutundzic, Sava P. 1978-1980. The group of narrowing necked jars and one-loop-handled vessels at Maadi in relation to the Palestinian ceramic ware. Bulletin de l'Institut d'Égypte 60-61, 1-38.
- Tutundzic, Sava P., A Potsherd of a Painted Vase from Maadi and D Class Pottery, Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts, Cairo University, Cairo 28 (1966), 1971, 115-128, 3 ill.
| ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 715 PDF Download: 894 |
||||
