Conserving Heritage Railways and Tramways in Egypt

Moosa, Hanaa

doi:10.21608/idj.2020.81289

	Conserving Heritage Railways and Tramways in Egypt
International Design Journal
Article 3, Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2020, Page 47-58 PDF (603.33 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/idj.2020.81289
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Author
Hanaa Moosa^*
Architecture Department, The Higher Institute of Engineering in El-Shorouk City, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
This paper shall discuss heritage railways and tramways in Egypt to illustrate their contemporary state, as the Egyptian transportation heritage didn’t yet get the proper attention of the authorities, professionals and researchers. Both railways and tramways were implemented in Egypt in the nineteenth century and since the early years of the twentieth century they were considered to be essential public transportation systems for the Egyptians. After several decades, the cities became over crowded by population and the trams speed were much less than that of the cars and buses beside cross circulations that used to exist at points of intersections between tramways and cars mobility. So, the state adopted a trend of removing tramways to give more space and clear the way for cars mobility. The problem lies in adopting the removal action instead of directing the strategy to upgrade or evolve the transportation heritage systems where modern needs can be accommodated and heritage is conserved. Such removal caused cities’ essence and identity loss, lowed heritage awareness specially for the young generations and eliminated number of development opportunities that could have taken place. Objectives: to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the heritage railways and tramways in Egypt in-order to conclude a strategic framework that achieves community needs and heritage conservation. Methodology: The paper will adopt the analytical and comparative approaches through three phases. The first one will introduce the history of railways and tramways in Egypt, where it will be analyzed in means of the surrounding contexts as the political, economic, social and others. The analysis aims to conclude the multi-contextual role, advantages, factors of success and problems related to such transportation system. The second phase will represent similar cases listed as world heritage, where listing criteria are analyzed and compared to the local case in order to understand the possibility and conditions of listing the Egyptian heritage railways and tramways. The national and international practices, shall be also analyzed, in-order to propose conservation methods applicable to deal with the local case. Finally, a four stages strategic framework shall be displayed
Keywords
conservation; Heritage Tramways


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Conserving Heritage Railways and Tramways in Egypt

1. ‘Mémoires Héliopolitaines, Sūzān Mubārak; Robert Solé; Mayy Talmisānī; Mercedes Volait; , 2005

3. Alexandria Passenger Transportation Authority, http://www.alexapta.org/en/,2013, last sited 27 sep. 2019

4. Barsoum Terez, state information service your gate way to Egypt, http://sis.gov.eg/Story/143816?lang=arو, Railways of Egypt ... A long history and successive achievements, Terez, july 1st 2017, last sited 27 sep. 2019.

5. Best trams in Europe, Official website of the Best Destinations in Europe., https://www.europeanbestdestinations.com/best-of-europe/most-beautiful-trams-in-europe/, last sited 27 sep. 2019

6. Brezinski, A., Suchorzewski, W., 2004. Tram systems in Poland. From neglect to a recognition of great potentials. In: Proceedings Codatu XI, Bucarest

7. Catherine Sarah Jefferson , Adaptive Reuse : Recent hotel conversions in downtown Philadelphia , Master thesis , Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania ,1001,2005

8. City of Florence,Tram in Florence: A Work in Progress, The official tourist website of the Metropolitan City of Florence, 2019, http://en.comune.fi.it/administration/tramway/system.html, last sited 27 sep. 2019

9. Hop on hop off bus tours, https://www.hop-on-hop-off-bus.com/perth/fremantle-hop-on-hop-off-tram-tour_26431#targetText=The%20trams%20conveniently%20placed%20stops,is%20valid%20for%2024%20hours.&targetText=You%20may%20end%20the%20tour%20at%20any%20of%20the%20tram%20stops., last sited 27 sep. 2019

10. ICOMOS International council on monuments and sites, report on the Semmering railway (Austria) mission 20-23 April, 2010, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/785/, last sited 27 sep. 2019

11. Jefferson. Catherine Sarah, Adaptive Reuse : Recent hotel conversions in downtown Philadelphia , Master thesis , Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania ,1001,2005.

13. Mubarak Library, The journey of a bridge conservation of damietta historic bridge imbaba 1890 damietta 1927 Mubarak library 2009,

14. Railways museum official websitehttp://www.egyptianmuseums.net/html/railwaysmuseum.html, last sited 27 sep. 2019

15. Reith-Banks T. , Symons H. and Swann G., In praise of the tram: Britain's lost network and the future of transport, Fri 24 Aug 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/aug/24/in-praise-of-the-tram-britains-lost-network-and-the-future-of-transport, last sited 27 sep. 2019

16. Semaly & FaberMaunsell , Comparative Performance sata from French tramways systems, Final Report, 2003)

17. The Ferry building official website, https://www.ferrybuildingmarketplace.com/about/,2018, last sited 27 sep. 2019

18. The Restoration & Archiving Trust - Registered in England no.1083582, http://www.gwrarchive.org/site/sitel2pg/Egypt/egypt.php, 2018, last sited 27 sep. 2019

19. The Restoration & Archiving Trust - Registered in England no.1083582, http://www.gwrarchive.org/site/sitel2pg/Egypt/egypt.php, 2018, last sited 27 sep. 2019

20. UNESCO Office in New Delhi, UNESCO to present Conservation Plan for Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, World heritage listing, 12.09.2019 -, http://www.unesco.org/new/en/newdelhi/about-this-office/single-view/news/unesco_to_present_conservation_plan_for_darjeeling_himalayan/, last sited 27 sep. 2019

21. UNESCO, Creative Cities Network, suranhttps://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/duran, 2015, last sited 27 sep. 2019

22. Unesco, world heritage list, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/785/, UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992-2019, last sited 27 sep. 2019

24. WHC Nomination Documentation, File Name: 944.pdf, UNESCO Region: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC , Darjeeling Himalayan Railway1999, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/944/, last sited 27 sep. 2019

25. World heritage committee, on Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage, WHC-94/CONF.003/16 31 January 1995 , , (UNESCO)United Nations Educational ,Scientific and cultural Organization , Eighteenth session Phuket, Thailand 12-17 December 1994,

26. Zbigniew Konopacki-Maciuk, Trams as tools of urban transformation in French cities, Technical Transactions, Architecture 10-A/2014, Politechnika Krakowska,Poland