Evaluation Of Immunological Status Of Calves Suffered From Diarrhea Under Field Condition | ||||
| Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | ||||
| Article 6, Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2020, Page 40-48 PDF (889.65 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/javs.2020.85580 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Ashgan F. El-sissi  1; Abeer S. Hafez1; Attia A. El-Gedawy2
| ||||
| 1Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute,Agricultural Research Center,Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| 2Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute,Agricultural Research Center,Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The objective of the present work was to evaluate some innate immune responses associated with neonatal calves' diarrhoea before and after treatment either with antibiotics or antibiotics plus fluid therapy. The experiment carried out on sixty diarrheic and 15 non-diarrheic healthy calves (from15 up to 45 days of age). According to fever, the diarrheic calves divided into two main groups, febrile and non-febrile diarrheic calves. Then according to the type of receiving therapy, each main group is subdivided into two subgroups, receiving antibiotic or antibiotic plus Digeston© for five days. The most common pathogens isolated from both groups of febrile diarrheic calves were E. coli (93.3%) and Campylobacter spp < /em>.(26.7%). The results showed that febrile diarrheic calves had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in phagocytic activity; lysozyme; nitric oxide (NO); haptoglobin (HP); total protein (TP) and albumin as well as a significant decrease in immunoglobulin G (IgG) compared to control group. While in non-febrile diarrheic calves, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in HP; TP and albumin. By treatment, both therapies modulate the innate immune response to approach control value. It was clear that the antibiotic plus digeston© have much better results. It can be concluded that the lysozyme assay serves as a confirmatory test to differentiate between infectious and non-infectious diarrhoea of neonatal calves. Using IgG assay as a screening test may be essential to ensure that calves receive adequate colostrum early in life. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Diarrhea; digeston©; fluid therapy; innate immunity; neonatal calves | ||||
| References | ||||
|
ABDULLAH, M., AKTER, M.R., LUTFUL KABIR, S. M., ABU SAYED KHAN, M., AND IBNE ABDUL AZIZ, M.Z.. 2013. Characterization of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Calf Diarrhea in Panchagarh District of Bangladesh .J. Agric. Food. Tech., 3(6)8-13,
AL-ALO, K. Z. K., NIKBAKHTBRUJENI, G.H., LOTFOLLAHZADEH , S., MOOSAKHANI, F., AND GHARABAGHI, A., 2018. Passive protective effect of anti-K99 antibodies against enterotoxigenic E.coli infection in neonatal calves. Iran J Vet Med., Vol. 12, No 2 19(1):3-8.
BADAWY, A.M., 2015. Microbial and immunological parameters relationship in diarrheic calves. PhD Thesis, Dept. of Microbiology, Fac. Vet Med., Alexandria University
BALIKCI, E. AND AL, M., 2014. Serum acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins concentrations in calves with rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli F5 and Eimeria species. Iranian J.of Veterinary Research, Shiraz University, Vol. 15, No. 4, Ser. 49:397-401.
BERGE, A. C., BESSER, T. E., MOORE, D. A., AND SISCHO, W. M., 2009. Evaluation of the effects of oral colostrum supplementation during the first fourteen days on the health and performance of preweaned calves. J. Dairy. Sci., 92:286-295.
BOS, H., AND DE SOUZA, W., 2000. Phagocytosis of yeast: a method for concurrent quantification of binding and internalization using differential interference contrast microscopy. Journal of Immunological Methods, 238:29-43.
CHIRINO-TREJO, J.M., 1999. A more sensitive procedure for the detection of Salmonella carriers in swine. Proc. Western Canadian Assoc. Swine Pract. : 50-53.
DEWELL, R.D., HUNGERFORD, L.L., KEEN, J.E., LAEGREID W.W., GRIFFIN, D.D., RUPP, G.P., AND GROTELUESCHEN, D.M., 2006. Association of neonatal serum immunoglobulin G1 concentration with health and performance in beef calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc.15;228 (6):914-21 DRATWA-CHAUPNIK, A., HEROSIMCZYK, A., LEPCZYÑSKI, A., AND SKRZYPCZAK, W. F., 2012. Calves with diarrhea and a water-electrolyte balance. Medycyna Wet. , 68 (1):5-8
EDWARDS, P.R., AND EWING, W.H., 1986. Identification of Enterobacteriaceae. 4th edition. Published by Elsevier in New York.
EL-GAMAL, Y.M., ELMASRY, O.A., EL-GHONEIMY, D.H., AND SOLIMAN, I. M., 2011. Immunomodulatory effects of food. Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 9(1):3-13.
Elhamy, I.A., Eman, M.S., and Eman, M.Z.,2012. Bacterial diarrhea in newly born calves in Menoufiea Governorate.Assiut Vet. Med. J.58:126-137.
FAZLANI, S.A., KHAN, S.A.,FARAZ1, S., AND AWAN, M.S.,2011. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial species identified from mastitic milk samples of the camel. J African of Biotech; 10 (15), 2959-2964.
GAMMOH, N.Z., AND RINK, L., 2017. Zinc in Infection and Inflammation.Nutrients 9: 624-49.
GHANEM, M.M., EL-FKHRANY, S.F. , ABD EL-RAOF, Y.M. , EL-ATTAR, H.M.,2012. Clinical and haematobiochemical evaluation of diarrheic neonatal buffalo calves with reference to antioxidant changes.Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2,: 275-288
GANHEIM, C., ALENIUS, S., AND WALLER, K.P., 2007. Acute-phase proteins as indicators of calf herd health. Vet. J. 173: 645-651.
GULTEKIN, M., VOYVODA, H., URAL, K., ERDOGAN, H., BALIKCI, C., AND GULTEKIN, G., 2019. Plasma citrulline, arginine, nitric oxide, and blood ammonia levels in neonatal calves with acute diarrhea. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 33:987–998.
GUZELBEKTES, H., COSKUN, A., AND SEN, I., 2007. Relationship between the degree of dehydration and the balance of acid-base changes in dehydrated calves with diarrhea. Bull Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 51: 83-87.
HAJIMOHAMMADI, A., NAZIFI, S., ANSARI-LARI, M., KHOSHMANZAR, M., AND BIGDELI, S., 2013. Identifying relationships among acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, ceruloplasmin) and clinical findings in dairy calf diarrhea. Comp. Clinic. Pathol., 22: 227-232.
KABU, M., AND ALBAYRAK, H., 2016. Determining Serum Haptoglobin and Cytokine Concentrations in Diarrheic Calves .F.Ü. Sağ. Bil. Vet. Derg.; 30 (2): 113 - 117
KAPER, J.B., NATARO, J.P., MOBLEY, H.L., 2004. Pathogenic E coli. Nat Rev Mic; 2:123-40.
KIRKAN, S., PARIN, U., ASCI, I. B., AND YUKSEL, H. T., 2018. Investigation of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Species Which Take Role in Calf Diarrhea and Detection of their Antimicrobial Susceptibility. Appro. Poult. Dairy & Vet, Sci. 5(1).
KLEIN, D., ALISPAHIC, M., SOFKA, D., IWERSEN, M., DRILLICH, M., AND HILBERT, F., 2012. Prevalence and risk factors for shedding of thermophilic campylobacter in calves with and without diarrhea in Austrian dairy herds’ .J. Dairy Sci.96:1203-1210.
KOJOURI, G. A., HASSANPOUR, H., TAGHAVI, N., AND TAGHADOSI, C., 2012. Nitric oxide metabolites status in calves with acute and chronic diarrhea. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 21:1257–1261.
KONEMAN, E.W., ALLEN, S.D., DOWELL, V.R., JANDA, W.H., AND SOMMERS, H.M.,1992.Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 4th Ed. J.B. Lippincott CO., New York.
LUIKING, Y.C., POEZE, M., RAMSAY, G., AND DEUTZ, N.E., 2005. The role of arginine in infection and sepsis. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 29:70-74.
MOHAMMED, S.A., MAROUF, S. A., ERFAN, A. M., EL-JAKEE, J.A.A., HESSAIN, A.M., DAWOUD, T.M., KABLI, S.A., AND MOUSSA, I.M., 2019. Risk factors associated with E. coli causing neonatal calf diarrhea. Saudi J. of Biological Sciences 26, 5: 1084-1088
MORIFNIGO, M.A., BORREGO, J., AND JANDROMERO, P., 1986.Comparative study of different method for detection and enumeration of Salmonella spp. In natural waters Appl. Bacteriol. 61: 169-176.
MUKTAR, Y., MAMO, G., TESFAYE, B., AND BELINA, D., 2015.A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method. J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health 7:173-185.
MURRAY, C.F., WINDEYER, M.C., DUFFIELD, T.F., HALEY, D.B., PEARL, D.L., WAALDERBOS, K.M., AND LESLIE, K.E.,2014.Associations of serum haptoglobin in newborn dairy calves with health, growth, and mortality up to 4 months of age. J Dairy Sci. Dec; 97(12):7844-55.
NCCLS (NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR CLINICAL LABORATORY STANDARDS) 2002. Performance and dilution susceptibility test for bacteria isolates from animals”Approved Standers” 2nd Ed. M3t Az. NCCL. Wayne Pennsylvania, USA.
NIAZE, B., KHAN, A., JAVED, M.T., HUSSAIN, A., AND AHMAD, K.M.,2000. Haematological studies in induced Buffalo neonatal calf diarrhea with Enteropathogenic E coli. Pakistan Vet J 20(2): 85-89.
NUNN, C.L., 1993. Effect of vitamin E and selenium on neonatal immunoglobulin levels and incidence of scours in beef calves. Ore. Ag. Exp. Sta. Tech Paper No. 10,726.
PEETERS, L., AND VANTRAPEN, R., 1977.Factors influencing lysozyme determination by lysoplate method. Clin. Chim. Acta., 74: 217-255.
PETERSEN, H.H., NIELSEN, J.P., AND HEEGARD, P.M.H., 2004.Application of acute-phase proteins in veterinary clinical chemistry. Vet. Res., 35: 163-187.
POURJAFAR, M., BADIEI, K., NAZIFI, S., AND NAGHIB, S.M., 2011. Acute phase response in Holstein dairy calves affected with diarrhea. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 14: 142-149.
QUINN, P.J., CARTER, M.E., MARKEY, B.K., AND CARTER, G.R., (2013). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology 2nd edition.Mosby. St Louis, United States.
RACHMILEWITZ, D., STAMLER, J.S., BACHWICH, D., KARMELI, F., ACKERMAN, Z., AND PODOLSKY, D.K., 1995.Enhanced colonic nitric oxide generation and nitric oxide synthase activity in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Gut; 36:718–23.
RAMADAN, M. Y., KHATER, H. F., ABD EL HAY, A.R., and ABO ZEKRY, A., 2015. Studies on parasites that cause diarrhea in calves. Banha veterinary medical journal, VOL. 29, NO. 1:214‐219.
SEIFI, H. A., MOHRI, M., SHOOREI, E., AND FRZANEH, N., 2006.Using haematological and serum biochemical findings as prognostic indicators in calf diarrhea. Comp.Clin. Pathol. , 15: 143-147.
SMITH, D.R., 2012. Field disease diagnostic investigation of neonatal calf diarrhea. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim. Pract. 28:465-481.
SMITH G.W., 2009. Treatment of calf diarrhea: oral fluid therapy. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim.; 25:55-72.
SOWMYANARAYANAN, T.V., NATARAJAN, S.K., RAMACHANDRAN, A., SARKAR, R., MOSES, P.D., SIMON, A., AGARWAL, I., CHRISTOPHER, S., AND KANG, G., 2009.Nitric oxide production in acute gastroenteritis in Indian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg.; 103:849-851.
TEW, J.G., SCOTT, R.L., AND DONALDSON, D.M., 1971. Plasma β-Lysin and Lysozyme Following Endotoxin Administration and the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction.Experimental Biology and Medicine, Volume: 136 issue: 2: 473-478.
TRIPATHI, P.,TRIPATHI, P., KASHYAP, L., AND SINGH, V.,2007.The role of nitric oxide in inflammatory reactions. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 51(3):443-52.
WEAVER, D.M., TYLER, J.W., VANMETRE, D.C., HOSTETLER, D.E., AND BARRINGTON, GM., 2000. Passive transfer of Colostral immunoglobulin’s in calves. J Vet Intern Med; 14:569–577.
WHO. 1977. Expert committee on biological standardization. Technical report series 610. WHO. Geneva.
YANG, X., SUN, Q., ASIM, M.B. R., JIANG, X., ZHONG, B. SHAHZAD, M., ZHANG, F., HAN, Y., AND LU, S., 2010. Nitric oxide in both bronchoalveolar lavage and serum is associated with severity of antigen-induced pulmonary inflammation in rats. Journal of Asthma, 47:135-14. | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 378 PDF Download: 678 |
||||
