EFFECT OF N’- NITROSONORNICOTINE (NNN) ON THE PALATAL FUSION IN MICE AND THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR | ||||
| Egyptian Dental Journal | ||||
| Article 28, Volume 62, Issue 1 - January (Part 2), January 2016, Page 547-559 PDF (2.3 MB) | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/edj.2016.92740 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| Khaled A. Hussein1; Atef I. Ahmed2 | ||||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Dental Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt | ||||
| 2Lecturer, Department of Oral and Dental Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Maternal smoking has been linked to an increased risk for orofacial clefts. N’- nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is one of the tobacco specific nitrosamines that has been showed to be linked to the deleterious effects of tobacco and could linked to the formation cleft birth defects. Objective|: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of N’- nitrosonornicotine (NNN) on palatal fusion in mice and the role of transforming growth factor α during palatogenesis. Methodology: Adult C57BL/6J mice of 7-12 weeks old and weighing about 20-35 g were utilized in this experiment. Females were mated overnight with males. Twenty four pregnant mice were divided into two equal groups, group I, a control group (n=10), which received dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and group II, an experimental group (n=10), which received N’- nitrosonornicotine (NNN) dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). Histological and immunohistochemical effects of NNN on the palatogenesis of mice prenatally were evaluated. Results: The results demonstrated that administration of NNN inhibit fusion of the palatal processes in mice. Conclusion: There is a tight regulatory relationship between the TGFα and the normal palate development | ||||
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