Performance Optimization of Brushless DC Motors for the Mitigation of Voltage Dips, Swells and Short Interruptions in Weak Grids

[1]    Edward C. Lee, “Brushless DC: a modern approach to variable speed drives”, IEEE Ind. Applications Society Annual Meeting - Seattle, WA, USA, 7-12 Oct. 1990, pp. 1484-1488.

[2]    T.M. Jahns, “Motion control with permanent-magnet AC machines”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Aug 1994, Vol. 82, Issue: 8, pp.: 1241-1252.

[3]    T.J.E Miller, T.J.E Rabinovici, “Back-emf waveforms and core losses in brushless dc motors”. IEEE Proceeding on Electronic Power Applications, May .1994, Vol.141, Issue: 3, pp. 144 - 154

[4]    Ramu Krishnan, Permanent magnet synchronous and brushless dc motor drives, Textbook, CRC Press, U.S.A, September 25, 2009, ISBN 9780824753849.

[5]    D. Lee, "Development of BLDC motor and multi-blade fan for HEV battery cooling system", International Journal of Automotive Technology, Springer, Electronic ISSN, 1976-3832, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1101-1106, 2014. Available: 10.1007/s12239-014-0114-7.

[6]    Dirk Leman, “Green Combustion Cars Drive on Electric (BLDC) Motors”, Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2010, Springer, Online ISSN, 978-3-642-16362-3 pp 13-20.

[7]    Rini Nur Hasanah, Victor Andrean, Soeprapto, Hadi Suyono; R. Arief Setyawan, “Bidirectional VSI as a regenerative-braking converter for BLDC motor - An analysis on a plug-in electric vehicle application”, the 10th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), Bursa, Turkey, 30 Nov.-2 Dec 2017, pp. 222 - 226.

[8]    Tinu Francis and P. Gokulakrishnan, “Embedded Based PFC Converter for an Air Conditioner with BLDC Motor”, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Systems, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 326, Chapter 62, pp. 631-641, Springer, New Delhi.

[9]    Volkhard Führer, Alexander Reul, “Modular Electric Oil Pumps with BLDC Motors”, The ATZ worldwide Journal, Springer, 2015, Issue 12, pp. 26-31.

[10]  P. Santhosh and P. Vijayakumar, “Performance Study of BLDC Motor Used in Wireless Medical Applications”, Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal, Springer, Electronic ISSN, 1572-834X, Vol. 94 Issue 4, June 2017, pp. 2451-2458

[11]  Kadwane, Sumant G., Kumbhare, Jyoti M., Gawande, S. P. and Mohanta, D. K, “Reliability evaluation of BLDC drive in refrigeration systems”, The 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society IECON, 23-26 October 2016, Florence, Italy, pp.6645-6650.

[12]  D Kamalakannan, N Jeyapaul Singh, M Karthi, V Narayanan and N S Ramanathan, “Design and development of DC powered BLDC motor for Mixer-Grinder application”, The IEEE First International Conference on Sustainable Green Buildings and Communities (SGBC), Chennai, India, 18-20 Dec., 2016, pp. 1-6.

[13]  S Veeraraghavan, M Kumaravel, Krishna Vasudevan and Ashok Jhunjhunwala, “Experimental studies and performance evaluation of solar PV powered BLDC motor drive with an integrated MPPT in fan applications”, The IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Denver, CO, USA, 8-13 June 2014, pp. 3713 – 3718

[14]  Padmaraja Yedamale, “Brushless dc (bldc) motor fundamentals”. AN885 Microchip Technology Inc, July .2003.

[15]  A. Rubaai and P. Young, “Hardware/software implementation of fuzzy-neural-network self-learning control methods for brushless DC motor drives,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 414–424, 2016.

[16]  W. Chen, Y. Liu, X. Li et al., “A novel method of reducing commutation torque ripple for brushless DC motor based on Cuk converter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 5497–5508, 2017.

[17]  C. Kiree, D. Kumpanya, S. Tunyasrirut, and D. Puangdownreong, “PSO-based optimal PI(D) controller design for brushless DC motor speed control with back EMF detection,” Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 715–723, 2016, Available: 10.5370/jeet.2016.11.3.715.

[18]  A. Sabir and M. Kassas, “A novel and simple hybrid fuzzy/PI controller for brushless DC motor drives,” Automatika, Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing and Communications, Taylor & Francis, Online ISSN, 1848-3380, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 424–435, 2015.

[19]  C. Yu Jin, K. H. Ryu, S. W. Sung et al., “PID auto-tuning using new model reduction method and explicit PID tuning rule for a fractional order plus time delay model,” Journal of Process Control, Elsevier, Online ISSN, 0959-1524, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 113–128, 2014.

[20]  D. Puangdownreong, A. Nawikavatan and C. Thammarat, "Optimal Design of I-PD Controller for DC Motor Speed Control System by Cuckoo Search", Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, Online ISSN, 1877-0509, vol. 86, pp. 83-86, 2016. Available: 10.1016/j.procs.2016.05.021.

[21]  K. J. ˚ Astr¨om and T. H¨agglund, “The future of PID control,” Control Engineering Practice, Elsevier, Online ISSN, 0967-0661, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1163–1175, 2001.

[22]  H. Ibrahim, F. Hassan, and A. O. Shomer, "Optimal PID control of a brushless DC motor using PSO and BF techniques," Ain Shams Eng. Journal, vol. 5, pp. 391-398, 2014.

[23]  K. Premkumar and B. Manikandan, "Fuzzy PID supervised online ANFIS based speed controller for brushless dc motors," Neurocomputing, vol. 157, pp. 76-90, 2015.

[24]  P. S. R. Nayak and T. A. Rufzal, "Flower Pollination Algorithm Based PI Controller Design for Induction Motor Scheme of Soft-Starting," in the Proceedings of the 2018, 20th National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), Tiruchirappalli, India, 2018, pp. 1-6.

[25]  E. Ali, "Speed control of DC series motor supplied by photovoltaic system via firefly algorithm", Neural Computing and Applications, Springer, Electronic ISSN, 1433-3058, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1321-1332, 2014. Available: 10.1007/s00521-014-1796-5.

[26]  W. Xie, J. Wang and H. Wang, "PI Controller of Speed Regulation of Brushless DC Motor Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Improved Inertia Weights", Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, Online ISSN: 1563-5147, vol. 2019, pp. 1-12, 2019. Available: 10.1155/2019/2671792.

[27]  M. Moghaddas, M. Dastranj, N. Changizi and M. Rouhani, "PID Control of DC Motor Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm", Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, International Scientific Research Publications MY SDN. BHD, vol. 01, no. 04, pp. 386-391, 2010. Available: 10.22436/jmcs.001.04.16.

[28]  B. Adhavan, A. Kuppuswamy, G. Jayabaskaran and V. Jagannathan, "Field oriented control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) using fuzzy logic controller," in the Proceeding of 2011 IEEE Recent Advances in Intelligent Computational Systems, Trivandrum, Kerala, 2011, pp. 587-592.

[29]  B. Sarkar, P. Mandal, R. Saha, S. Mookherjee and D. Sanyal, "GA-optimized feedforward-PID tracking control for a rugged electrohydraulic system design", ISA Transactions, Elsevier ISSN, 0019-0578, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 853-861, 2013. Available: 10.1016/j.isatra.2013.07.008.

[30]  G. Zeng et al., "Design of multivariable PID controllers using real-coded population-based extremal optimization", Neurocomputing, Elsevier, ISSN, 0925-2312, vol. 151, pp. 1343-1353, 2015. Available: 10.1016/j.neucom.2014.10.060.

[31]  J. Zhang and S. Yang, "An incremental-PID-controlled particle swarm optimization algorithm for EEG-data-based estimation of operator functional state", Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, Elsevier ISSN, 1746-8094,vol. 14, pp. 272-284, 2014. Available: 10.1016/j.bspc.2014.08.005.

[32]  T. Kumbasar and H. Hagras, "Big Bang–Big Crunch optimization based interval type-2 fuzzy PID cascade controller design strategy", Information Sciences, Elsevier ISSN, 0020-0255, vol. 282, pp. 277-295, 2014. Available: 10.1016/j.ins.2014.06.005..

[33]  A. Rajasekhara, R. K. Jatothb, A. Abrahamcd, “Design of intelligent PID/PIλDμ speed controller for chopper fed DC motor drive using opposition based artificial bee colony algorithm”, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Elsevier, ISSN, 0952-1976, Vol. 29, March 2014, pp. 13-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2013.12.009.

[34]  S. A. Taher, M. Hajiakbari Fini, and S. Falahati Aliabadi, “Fractional order PID controller design for LFC in electric power systems using imperialist competitive algorithm,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, ISSN, 2090-4479, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 121–135, 2014.

[35]  R. K. Sahu, S. Panda, and U. K. Rout, “DE optimized parallel 2- DOF PID controller for load frequency control of power system with governor dead-band nonlinearity,” International Journal of Electrical Power &Energy Systems, Elsevier, ISSN 0142-0615, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 19–33, 2013.

[36]  F. Cao and W. Wang, “Harmony search-based particle swarm optimization approach for optimal PID control in electroslag remelting process,” International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control, Inderscience , ISSN, 1746-6180,vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 20–27, 2012.

[37]  Dorigo, M., Maniezzo, V., and Colorni, A., “Positive Feedback as a Search Strategy,” Technical report 91-016, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, 1991.

[38]  Dorigo, M., “Optimization, Learning and Natural Algorithms” Ph.D. thesis, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, 1992 (in Italian).

[39] Shengqiang Li, Xiaodong Liang and W. Xu, "Modeling DC motor drive systems in power system dynamic studies," 2014 IEEE/IAS 50th Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, Fort Worth, TX, 2014, pp. 1-11, doi: 10.1109/ICPS.2014.6839167.[40] E. R. Collins and A. Mansoor, "Effects of voltage sags on AC motor drives," 1997 IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference, Greenville, SC, USA, 1997, pp. 9. 7 pp.-, doi: 10.1109/TEXCON.1997.598533.

[41] Myo Thu Aung and J. V. Milanovic, "Analytical assessment of the effects of voltage sags on induction motor dynamic responses," 2005 IEEE Russia Power Tech, St. Petersburg, 2005, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/PTC.2005.4524363.

[42] A. K. Goswami, C. P. Gupta and G. K. Singh, "Voltage Sag Assessment in a Large Chemical Industry," 2008 Joint International Conference on Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference, New Delhi, 2008, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/ICPST.2008.4745220.

[43] N. Edomah, "Effects of voltage sags, swell and other disturbances on electrical equipment and their economic implications," CIRED 2009 - 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution - Part 1, Prague, Czech Republic, 2009, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1049/cp.2009.0502.

[44] J. C. Gomez, M. M. Morcos, C. A. Reineri and G. N. Campetelli, "Behaviour of induction motor due to voltage sags and short interruptions," in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 434-440, April 2002, doi: 10.1109/61.997914.

[45] M.H.J. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions, Textbook, New York, IEEE Press, Online ISBN: 9780470546840, 1999.

[46] R. C. Dugan, M. F. McGranaghan, H. W. Beaty, Electrical Power Systems Quality, Textbook, ISBN-10: 0071761551,New York, McGraw-Hill, 1996.

[47] European Standard EN 50160, “Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems.”, available at: https://copperalliance.org.uk/uploads/2018/03/542-standard-en-50160-voltage-characteristics-in.pdf

[48] J. C. Das, “Effects of momentary voltage dips on the operation of induction and synchronous motors”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1990, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 711 – 718

[49] Ian Griffin, “On-line PID Controller Tuning using Genetic Algorithm”, Master Thesis, Dublin City University, 2003

[50] H. Ying-Tung, C. Cheng-Long, C. Cheng-Chih, “Ant Colony Optimization for Designing of PID Controllers”, IEEE International Symposium on Computer Aided Control Systems Design, Taipei, Taiwan, 24th September, 2004.

[51] I. Chiha, P. Borne, “Multi-Objective Ant Colony Optimization to Tuning PID Controller”, Proceedings of the International Journal of Engineering, Vol. III, issue no. 2, March 2010.

[52] B. Nagaraj and N. Murugananth, "A comparative study of PID controller tuning using GA, EP, PSO and ACO," 2010 International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies, Ramanathapuram, 2010, pp. 305-313. 

[53] F.Hassan, A.Wakeel, A.Kamel and A.Abdel-hamed. ''Optimum Tuning of PID Controller for a Permanent Magnet Brushless Motor'', Proceedings of the 8th ICEENG Conference, 29-31 May 2012.