MANAGING FURROW IRRIGATION METHOD IN CORN SMALL HOLDINGS | ||||
| Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||||
| Article 9, Volume 34, Issue 1, January 2017, Page 137-156 PDF (909.29 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2017.97072 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| K. H. Amer1; A. A. Samak2; E. H. Hegazi3 | ||||
| 1Professor, Agric. Eng. Dept., Menoufia University, Egypt. | ||||
| 2Lecturer, Agric. Eng. Dept., Menoufia University, Egypt. | ||||
| 3Demonstrator, Agric. Eng. Dept., Menoufia University, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| A field study on corn using furrow irrigation was carried out in northern Egypt on a clay loam soil with 1.2 g cm-3, average soil bulk during 2015 season in Shibin El-Kom area, Egypt. The main aim of this work is to study the changing of irrigation rate (10.71 and 5.35 m3 h-1) and fertilizer application (in complete irrigation time and half wave) on two different slopes (0.05 and 0.1%) of corn field in order to improve furrow irrigation method in small holdings. Corn seeds (Hi-Tech 2031) were planted on May 13, 2015 and received eight irrigations during the growing season. Application efficiency (Ea) was highly achieved by applying 10.71 m3 h-1 and improved by all treatments in second irrigation due to increasing initial soil moisture content compared to first irrigation. Storage efficiency (Es) was properly achieved by applying all treatments except 10.71 m3 h-1 inflow rate under 0.05% furrow slope because 7% deficit was occurred. The results showed that, average of corn yield, green forage yield, 100-grain weight, number of rows per ear and number of grains per row increased by decreasing furrow slope, decreasing inlet flow rate, and nitrogen application after offering half wave. Nitrogen application after offering half wave was achieved high nitrogen (N) concentration in corn root zone. The results indicated that corn yield increased by 8.90, 0.39 and 5.74% by applying furrow slope 0.05% relative to 0.1%, 5.35 m3 h-1 inlet flow rate relative to 10.71 m3 h-1 and nitrogen application after offering half wave along furrow relative to nitrogen application with the beginning of irrigation, respectively. | ||||
| References | ||||
Abdul Rehman, Saleem, M. F.; Safdar, M. E.; Hussain, S. and Akhtar, N. (2011).Grain Quality, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Bioeconomics of Maize under Different Sowing Methods and NPK Levels. Chilean J. Agri. Res. 71, 586-593.Alazba, A. A. (1999). Dimensionless Advance Curves for Infiltration. Families. Agricultural Water Management, 41, 115-131.
Amer, K. H. (2007). Surface Irrigation Evaluation Based on Analytical Interrelation among Water Infiltration, Advance and Recession. Proceeding of Irrigation Association, 9-11 December in San Diego, California, 433-445 pp.
Amer, K. H. (2009). The Possibility of Improving Surface Irrigation with Blocked End in Sparse Grape Trees. Misr J. Ag. Eng., 26, 836-862.
Amer, K. H. (2010). Corn Crop Response under Managing Different Irrigation and Salinity Levels. Agricultural Water Management 97, 1553–1563.
Awad, M. A. and Gomaa, M. R. (2004). Precision Leveling Effects on Strip and Furrow Irrigations for Maize. Misr J. Ag. Eng., 21, 86-102.
Black, C. A. (1982). Method of Soil Analysis. Soc. Agron. Inc. Pub., Madison, Washington, U. S. A. No. 9 Part 2.
Cetin, O. and Akinci, C. (2015). Effects of Drought on Optimizing Nitrogen Use of Winter Wheat in A semi Arid Region. Agriculture & Forestry 61, 287-293.
Musick, J. T. and Duseek, D. A. (1980). Irrigation Corn Yield Response to Water. TRANS of the ASAE 23(1): 92-98.
DL Bjorneberg, (2013). Irrigation | Methods. USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kimberly, ID, USA.
Dooronbos, J. and Kassam, A. H. (1979). Yield Response to Water. FAO Irrigation Drainage Paper no. 33, FAO Rome, Italy, 193p.
Eck, H. V. (1984). Irrigated Corns Yield Response to Nitrogen and Water. Agron. J. 76: 421-428.
El Awady, M. N.; Tayel, S. A.; El Mawla, H. A. A.; El Lithy, A. M. and Mahmoud, A. M. (2009). Evaluation of Discharge Regulation in Gated Pipe Irrigation along Line. Irrigation and Drainage. The 16th Annual Conference of the Misr Society of Ag. Eng., 1501-1512.
Estefan, G.; Sommer, R. and Ryan, J. (2013). Methods of Soil, Plant and Water Analysis: A manual for The West Asia and North Africa Region. International Center for Agricultural Research in The Dry Areas (ICARDA). Beirut, Lebanon. Third Edition. Page 22 and 83.
Fageria, N. K. and Baligar, V. C. (2005). Enhancing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Corp Plants. Advances Agronomy 88, 97-185.
Foroud, N.; George, E. St. and Entz, T. (1996). Determination of Infiltration Rate from Border Irrigation Advance and Recession Trajectories. Agricultural Water Management 30, 133-142.
Gallais, A. and Hirel, B. (2004). An Approach to the Genetics of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Maize. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 295-306.
Hassan, S. S; Eid, S. F. M. and Mohammed, A. S. H. (2013). Some Engineering Effecting Surface Irrigation Using Gated Pipes for Sugarcane Production. Egypt J. Agric. Res., 91: 175-187.
Hastings Co., (1986). Gated Aluminum Irrigation Pipe. Hastings Co. Catalouge, Neberaska . U.S.A. http://hastingsirrigation.com/node/7
Holzapfel, E. A.; Marino, M. A. and Morales, J. C. (1984). Comparison and Selection of Furrow Irrigation Models. Agricultural Water Management, 9, 105-125.
Howell, T. A.; Schneider, A. D. and Evett, S. R. (1997). Subsurface and Surface Microirrigation of Corn -Southern High Plains. Trans. Of the ASAE, Vol. 4(3): 635-641.
Jat, M. L.; Chandna, p.; Gupta, R.; Sharma, S. K. and Gill, M. A. (2006). Laser Land Leveling: A Precursor Technology for Resource Conservation. Rice-Wheat Consortium Technical Bulletin Series 7. New Delhi, India: Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains. pp 48.
Kassem, M. A. and El-Khatib, S. I. (2000). Mathematical Determination of the Effect of The Major Engineering Factors on The Efficiency of Long Furrows Irrigation for Corn Crop. Misr J. Agric. Eng., 17, 569-588.
Koech, R.; Smith, R. and Gillies, M. (2010). Automation and Control in Surface Irrigation Systems: Current Status and Expected Future Trends. Southern Region Engineering Conference 11-12 November, Toowoomba, Australia.
Merriam, J. L. and Keller, J. (1978). Farm Irrigation System Evaluation: A Guide for Management. Third Edition Utah State University Logan.
Mohammed, A. S. H. (2008). Engineering Studies on Developing the Gated Pipes for Surface Irrigation in Small Holdings. Ph.D. Thesis, Agric. Eng. Dept. Fac. of Agric., Menoufia Univ.
Rodriguez, J. A. (2003). Estimation of Advance and Infiltration Equations in Furrow Irrigation for Untested Discharges. Agricultural Water Management 60, 227–239.
Smith, R. J.; Watts, P. J. and Mulder, S. J. (1986). Analysis and Design of Gated Irrigation Pipelines. Agricultural Water Management, 12, 99-115.
Undersander, D. J.; Marek, T. H. and Clark, R. N. (1985). Effect of Nozzle Type on Runoff and Yield of Corn and Sorghum under Center Pivot Sprinkler Systems. Irri. Sci. (6): 107-116.
Walker, W. R. and Skogerboe, G. V. (1987). Surface Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632, 386 pp.
Zhu, Z. L. and Chen, D. L. (2002). Nitrogen Fertilizer Use in China-Contributions to Food Production, Impacts on The Environment and Best Management Strategies. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 63, 117–127. | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 175 PDF Download: 214 |
||||
