INFLUENCE OF GATED PIPES IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT ON COTTON YIELD AND WATER EFFICIENCIES | ||||
Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||||
Article 15, Volume 31, Issue 4, October 2014, Page 1481-1500 PDF (1.05 MB) | ||||
Document Type: Original Article | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2014.98399 | ||||
![]() | ||||
Authors | ||||
E. E. Deshish1; M. A. Metwally2; S.A. Shaker3 | ||||
1Cotton Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt . | ||||
2Agric. Eng. Res. Ins., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
3Cotton Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
Abstract | ||||
Field experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of Sakha and Edko Agricultural Research Stations, Kafr El-Sheikh and Al-Behera Governorates (31° 05’ N latitude and 30° 56’ E longitude) during 2011 summer season to study the effect of different land leveling methods and orifice flow rates on cotton yield for Giza 86 variety and some water relations under furrow irrigation using gated pipes in the salt affected soils. The treatments were arranged in a split – plot design with four replicates. The main plots were assigned to four land leveling methods namely: laser land leveling with zero, 0.05 and 0.1 % slopes in addition to traditional land leveling. Three orifice flow rates i. e. 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 l/s were allocated in the sub- plots. The main results in this study can be summarized as follows: - 1- The laser land leveling method achieved the highest average values of water productivity (70.1 kg m-3 of water consumptive use), irrigation of water productivity (62.2 kg m-3 of water applied) and water application efficiency(95.2%) of cotton crop with 0.1% slope compared with the conventional land leveling method which recorded the lowest average values of WP(40.2 kg m-3 of water consumptive use), IWP(27.4 kg m-3 of water applied) and Ea(70.2%). This may be due to improvement of the soil moisture distribution in the root zone in case of the laser land leveling comparison with the conventional land leveling. 2- The data indicated that the highest amount of water applied( 4112 m3 fed.-1 )was recorded with the conventional land leveling method followed by laser land leveling at zero slope (3365 m3 fed.-1 ) while, the lowest amount of water applied( 2376 m3 fed.-1 ) was obtained the laser land leveling at 0.1% slope. 1 Cotton Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt 2Agric. Eng. Res. Ins., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt. 3- The furrow irrigation with gated pipes at 2.0 l/s orifice flow rate exhibited the highest average values of water productivity (60 and 59.5 kg m-3 of water consumptive use ), irrigation of water productivity (48 and 46.3 kg m-3 of water applied), water application efficiency(85.1 and 75.9 %) and seed cotton yield (1349 and 1432 kg fed.-1 ) compared with other orifice flow rates(1.5 and 2.5 l/s). This may be due to increasing in soil moisture content in the root zone and also leashing and removing the soil salts. 4- The highest values of seed cotton yield ( 1515and 1609 kg fed.-1 ), number of opened bolls per plant ( 16.9and 18.6 bolls plant -1 , boll mass (3.95 and 3.62 g ), lint percentage ( 40.8 and 39.3 % ), seed index ( 12.3 and 11.6 g), 2.5 span length ( 34.5 and 32.7 ), fiber strength (42.8 and 41.5 g tex -1 ) and plant height (115 and 105 cm ) were achieved with the laser land leveling method at 0.1 % slope and furrow irrigation regime using gated pipes at orifice flow rate of 2 l/s. 5- The interaction between land leveling and orifice flow rate of gated pipes had significant effect on seed cotton yield, its components and irrigation efficiencies under study. On the other hand, the highest values of seed cotton yield, seed index, boll mass, number of opened bolls and lint percentage were detected with the salt-affected soils(Edko region) because of increasing potassium and sodium cations ratio. 5- The laser land leveling at 0.1 % slope and furrow irrigation using gated pipes at 2.0 l/s orifice flow rate is recommended for irrigating cotton because it is very suitable in case of the old lands and that have salinization problems to obtain highest irrigation efficiencies and cotton yields. | ||||
Keywords | ||||
Cotton; Gated pipes; Laser leveling; Orifice flow rate; water productivity | ||||
References | ||||
Ali, M. H.; M. R. Hoque; A. A. Hassan and A. Khair (2007). Effects of deficit irrigation on yield, water productivity, and economic returns of wheat. Agricultural Water Management 92 (3): 151-161.
Awady, M.N.(1979). Irrigation and drainage engineering, Col. Ag.,A.Shams U., Textbook in Arabic :112p.
Black, C.A. (1983). “Methods of soil analysis” Part I and II. Amer. Agron. Inc. Publ., Madison, Wisc., USA.
Depeweg, H. (1998). Field irrigation and drainage, Surface irrigation methods, Lecture Notes, International, Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering (IHE ). Delft, The Netherlands.
El-Shahawy, M. I. (2004). Someaspects of water management in furrow irrigation under cotton crop. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 29(6): 3651-3660.
Gomez, K.A and A. Gomez (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research. 1st ed. John Wiley Sons, N.Y.
Hansen, U. W.; O. W. Israelsen and Q. E. Stringharm (1979). Irrigation Principles and Practices. 4th (ed.). John Willey and Sons., Inc. New York.
James, L. G. (1988). Principles of farm irrigation system design. John Willey and Sons., Inc. New York, USA. PP:543.
Jat, M. L. ; Parvesh Chandna ; Raj Gupta ; S. K. Sharma and M. A. Gill (2006). Laser Land Leveling: A Precursor Technology for Resource Conservation. Rice-Wheat Consortium Technical Bulletin Series 7. New Delhi: Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains.
Kanber, R. ; H. Koksal ; S. Onder ; S. Kapur and S. Sahan (2001). Comparison of surge and continuous furrow methods for cotton in the Harran plain. Agric. Water Manage 47: 119-135.
Klute, A. (1986). Methods of soil analysis. Part 1.2nd ed. ASA and sssA. Madison. John Willey and Sons., Inc. N. Y.
Michael, A.M. (1978). Irrigation theory and practice, Vikas publishing house PVTLTD New Delhi, Bombay.
Mohammed, A. S. H. (2002). A studyof waterdistribution efficiency by perforated pipes for border irrigation system. MSc. Thesis, Agric. Eng. Dept. Fac. of Ag. Minufiya Univ., Egypt.
Morcos, M. A., A. F. El- Sahrigi, M. Hanafy and S. S. Hassan (1994). A
Omara, A. I. (1997). Implementation and evaluation of gated pipe for furrow irrigation system. M. SC. Th. Agric. Eng. Dept. Alex. Univ.
Osman, H. E. (2000). Gated pipes techniques for improved surface irrigation. 8 Conf. AG. Dev. Res. Ag., Ain Shams Univ. Cairo, Nov. 20- 22:. 145- 155.
PACA (2009). 1 st Floor, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi- 110 012 INDIA. Website: www.conserveagri.org
Sharma, S. N.; R. Prasad and S. Singh(1995). New multiple cropping systems for higher production profit. Indian J. of Agric. Sci. 65,4: 237-241.
Tekinel, O. ; R. Kanber and H. Koksal (1999). Irrigation of cotton: Turkish experience. In: proc. 1st symp. on cotton Ag. fiber Tech.and Textile in Turkish world Kahramanmar as Turkey.
Waller, R.A. and D.B. Duncan. (1969). Symmetric multiple comparison problem Amer. Stat. Assoc. Jour. Dec., 1485-1503.Zagazig J. Agric. Res., 19: 595–606.
Weaterman, R.L.E. (1990). Soil testing and plant analysis. Thirded. Soil sc. Soc. of Am. Inc. Madison, Wisc, USA | ||||
Statistics Article View: 129 PDF Download: 218 |
||||