Fluids are the natural environment for the life of living organisms, whether terrestrial or marine. Within this framework, all human activity and creativity fall within the scope of the influence of fluid dynamics, with its two branches, hydrodynamics, and aerodynamics. With the growth of the functional capacity of products and the increasing growth of the consumer sector of products considering the pursuit of achieving environmental sustainability, it was imperative for product designers to strive to achieve performance, formal and functional harmony between the product and the surrounding environment in the context of its use. The matter went beyond that principle to an attempt to benefit from environmental effects by including aerodynamic standards in product design to achieve the highest functional performance of products. This research discusses the effects of aerodynamics and their reflection on the formal transformations in product design. Aerodynamic effects vary between force effects such as the Magnus effect, the Coanda effect, the air curtain effect, and the ground effect. Thermal effects such as the stack effect, the Meredith effect, and the air-cooling effect. Including each of them in its context in building the product shape helps enhance the integration and fusion between the external shape of the product and the internal systems, which is reflected in reducing the rate of energy consumption and the efficiency of the functional performance of industrial design products, which is one of the most important elements of achieving balance and environmental sustainability for industrial product design. |
- Zaidoun, Khalaf Jabbar. (2019), "Some pairs support the construction of the industrial product form, PhD thesis, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, unpublished", p. 38.
- Mohamed, Wissam Ansi Ibrahim. (2019). "Interaction between design elements in the organic trend as an approach to product design". Journal of Architecture, Arts and Humanities, No. 15, 666 - 682.
- Rubio, David. (2023). “Role of Aerodynamics in Industrial Applications”. Journal of Aeronautics & Aerospace Engineering.
- Durgahee, Ayesha (April 7, 2014), “Luigi Colani: Transport design ‘20 years ahead of the rest’" CNN.
- Ewing, Jack (2019), "Luigi Colani, 91, Designer of Fanciful and Futuristic Objects, Dies" the New York times.
- Hooke, Ryan F. (2018), “The mathematical modelling of projectile trajectories under the influence of environmental effects”. University of New South Wales Canberra at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Australia.
- DeForest, Craig. (1997), “Why are Golf Balls Dimpled?”. math.ucr.edu.
- Doug McLean, (2013), “Understanding Aerodynamics - Arguing from The Real Physics” p.401.
- Hughes, Chris (Nov 1930) “Whirling Spools Lift This Plane”. Popular Science. P 26
- Zipfel, Peter H. (1970), "On Flight Dynamics of Magnus Rotors", Department of the Army, USA.
- Chanson, Hubert (August 2013). “Applied Hydrodynamics: An Introduction”. CRC Press. pp. 100.
- Anon. (2012). "PM E-Ship1 Ergebnisse DBU" (PDF). Enercon.de.
- Le Sueur, Maurice (1934), “Ground Effect on the Takeoff and Landing of Airplanes” NACA TM 771.
- the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), (2007). “Pilot's Encyclopedia of Aeronautical Knowledge”, pp. 3-7, 3-8.
- Dey, Pradeep Kumar. (2013), “Helicopter aerodynamic” Vijayanjali institute of technology. P 30
- Yun, Liang & Bliault, Alan. (2012), “High Performance Marine Vessels”. p. 89
- Hirdaris, Spyros & Guerrier, Mark (November 2009). "Technology Developments in Ground Effect Craft" (PDF). 2nd Annual Ship Tech.
- Monaco, Ania (August 2011). “Japan Unveils Levitating High-Speed Electric Aero Train”. The Institute IEEE news.
- McAlpine, Allan. (2022). “Design & Aerodynamic Analysis for the 2022/23 PNW Formula SAE Racecar”. Research Gate.
- Scott, David (1958), “Cars That Fly”. Modern Mechanix. P 92,95
- Lubert, Caroline, (2011), “On Some Recent Applications of the Coanda Effect” (PDF), International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration.
- Lindenbaum, Bernard & Blake, William. (2006). “THE VZ-9 AVROCAR” the Wayback Machine.
- Frawley, Gerard. (2003) “The International Directory of Civil Aircraft”, Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, p 155.
- Igarashi, Hitomi & Akimoto, Takashi & Hatori, Daisuke (2019), “The Effects of an Air Conditioning System using the Coanda Effect on an Indoor Office Environment”, E3s Web of Conferences, CLIMA (2019)
- Paleczny, Tomasz (2004),"KURZACZ ODKURZACZ”, MlODY TECHNIK.
- Vedant, Joshi & Noronha, Wedyn (2023). “Determination of Optimum Outlet Slit Thickness and Outlet Angle for the Bladeless Fan Using the CFD Approach” Energies.
- ASHRAE, (2004), “HVAC Systems and Equipment”, Handbook page 17.9
- Ashika, Rai & Jining, Sun & Savvas, Tassou. (2019). “Numerical investigation into the influence of air curtain discharge angles in refrigerated trucks”. Energy Procedia.
- Meredith, F.W. (1936). “Cooling of Aircraft Engines with Special Reference to Ethylene Glycol Radiators Enclosed in Ducts”, Aeronautical Research Council R&M.
- Oxley, Mat (March 2021). “Is Ducati using ground effect for more grip in MotoGP?”. Motor Sport magazine.
- Piancastelli, Luca & Frizziero, Leonardo & Donnici, Giampiero (2015), “THE MEREDITH RAMJET: AN EFFICIENT WAY TO RECOVER THE HEAT WASTED IN PISTON ENGINE COOLING”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,VOL. 10, NO. 12, JULY 2015.
- Hyder, Chohan Afaq & Jihad, Awad. (2022), “Wind Catchers: An Element of Passive Ventilation in Hot, Arid and Humid Regions, a Comparative Analysis of Their Design and Function”. Sustainability.
- Chen, Ann. (June 2016), “The Science Behind Air Fryers” sciencemeetsfood.
- Laguerre, Onrawee. (2010). “Heat Transfer and Air Flow in a Domestic Refrigerator.” In book: Mathematical Modeling of Food Processing (pp.453-482). Research Gate.
- Swierczyna, R. & Sobiski, P. & Fisher, D. (2006). “Effects of appliance diversity and position on commercial kitchen hood performance”, ASHRAE Transactions.
- OZAWA, Satoru & HAYASHI, Kazuhiro. (2016). “Design method and performance verification of convection and radiation air-conditioning system with package air conditioner system”, Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ).
- Konovalov, Dmytro & Tolstorebrov, I. & Eikevik, Trygve & Kobalava, Halina & Radchenko, Mykola & Hafner, Armin & Radchenko, Andrii. (2023). “Recent Developments in Cooling Systems and Cooling Management for Electric Motors”. Energies.
- McDowall, R. (2006). “Fundamentals of HVAC Systems”, Elsevier, San Diego, page 16.
- Wong, Nyuk Hien & Chong, Adrian. (2010). “Performance evaluation of misting fans in hot and humid climate. Building and Environment”. ResearchGate.
- Peters, Greg & Blackburn, Naomi & Armedion, Michael (June 2013). “Environmental assessment of air to water machines—triangulation to manage scope uncertainty”. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.
- Benson, Richard. 2019, How Giorgetto Giugiaro Became The Greatest Car Designer Of All Time (esquire.com).
- Molsheim, 2020, https://wearemotordriven.com/auto-exotica/ae-inside-lane/bugatti-dimple-airscoop-a-new-invention-for-enhanced-aerodynamics/
- Anderson, Gary (2012), “Los secretos del auto F1” fast-mag.com. https://fast-mag.com/los-secretos-del-auto-f1-2012/
- Choksey, Jessica Shea. (Apr 2022), “What is an Air Curtain on a Car?” jdpower.com. https://www.jdpower.com/cars/shopping-guides/what-is-an-air-curtain-on-a-car
- Tucker, Patrick (2021). "The Military Wants To Produce Water From Air. Here's the Science Behind It". www.defenseone.com. Defense One.
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2008-02-11/using-nature-as-a-design.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Back_left.JPG
- https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/562175965966209166/
- https://www.pinterest.com/pin/317292736224316015/
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/Wikipedia_Digital_Diagram.svg&oldid=868227846
- https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/golf/golf-dimples-made-game-smooth-sailing/SDMDFIYRMUHFH7IOVZT5XUAIKU./
- https://wearemotordriven.com/auto-exotica/ae-inside-lane/bugatti-dimple-airscoop-a-new-invention-for-enhanced-aerodynamics/
- https://www.dmsholland.com/how-does-the-magnus-effect-work.
- https://www.flitetest.com/articles/how-magnus-effect-can-lift-planes
- https://oceaninfo.com/exploration/sailing/magnus-effect/
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Fl%C3%BCgel_ohne_Bodeneffekt.png.
- https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/helicopteraerodynamics/38140491
- https://www.alhadath.ps/article/30124/.
- https://milan-news.ir/
- https://www.researchgate.net/figure/enturi-Model-in-a-Car_fig1_373161227
- https://www.flickr.com/photos/dews-pics/169649151/in/photostream/
- https://es.pinterest.com/pin/563231497135828594/
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Colour_avrocar_59.jpg&oldid=865221261
- https://archive.ph/20000527162120/http://www.kulikovair.com/Notar.htm
- https://www.jetoptera.com/products/
- (https://fast-mag.com/los-secretos-del-auto-f1-2012/.
- (https://www.general-hvac.com/mea/products/split/wall/abcy/index.html.
- (https://afdall.com/how-vacuum-cleaner-works/
- (https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Eppler-473-Airfoil-Profile-with-the-depiction-of-outlet-slit-and-height-of-cross-section_fig1_365743208(
- (https://www.airtecnics.com/products/air-curtain-airtrack
- https://www.bmw.fr/fr/topics/univers/technologies-bmw/efficient-dynamics/aerodynamique.html
- https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/motorcycles/motogp/is-ducati-using-ground-effect
- https://www.carbodydesign.com/image/66184/
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-cross-breeze-paths-buildings-importance-geu4f/
- https://locknlockvietnam.com/cong-nghe-o-noi-chien-khong-dau-locknlock.html
- https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Three-types-of-refrigerator-a-static-b-brewed-c-no-frost_fig1_335732474
- https://www.academia.edu/Fundamentals_of_Kitchen_Ventilation_System_Design_Hood_Selection_and_Sizing
- (https://www.daikin.com.my/ventilation/
- https://www.a.ubuy.com.kw/ar/product/BH99T47N4-portable-air-conditioner-personal-space-evaporative-air-cooler-mini-ac-dual-fans
- https://yrsaeel.com/product/
- (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Atmospheric_Water_Generator_diagram.svg.
- (https://sa.made-in-china.com/co_hurrainnanotech/product_A10-New-Generation-of-10L-Portable-Air-Water-Generator-Atmospheric-Water-Generator-Water-Purifier_ysuooiynug.html)
- Convection Currents - What are Convection Currents? | Definition and Examples (vedantu.com)
|