Correlation between Probiotic and Prebiotic: A Systematic review

Alsufyani, Mohammed O.; Asiri, Alhussain A.; Asiri, Younis M.; Alsughayyir, Ibrahim A.; Alzahrani, Rayan A.; Al Essa, Thamer A.; Lajhar, Ahmed M.; Alshhrani, Mesfer A.; Rabeh, Mohamed A.

doi:10.21608/ejchem.2025.327475.10617

	Correlation between Probiotic and Prebiotic: A Systematic review
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Volume 67, Issue 13, December 2024, Page 2227-2244 PDF (761.11 K)
Document Type: Review Articles
DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.327475.10617
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Authors
Mohammed O. Alsufyani ¹; Alhussain A. Asiri¹; Younis M. Asiri¹; Ibrahim A. Alsughayyir¹; Rayan A. Alzahrani¹; Thamer A. Al Essa¹; Ahmed M. Lajhar¹; Mesfer A. Alshhrani¹; Mohamed A. Rabeh²
¹College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia.
²Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Human health and nutrition are profoundly influenced by the combined effects of prebiotics and probiotics, which play essential roles in promoting digestive health and preventing disease. Prebiotics are non-digestible compounds that selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, serving as a fuel source for probiotics. Probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits, have demonstrated therapeutic potential in managing conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and infections in the gut, respiratory system, and urogenital tract. Additionally, probiotics and the gut microbiota influence drug metabolism, affecting drug activation, toxicity, and efficacy. Examples include the sulfation of acetaminophen, dehydroxylation of caffeine, and glucuronidation, a process that enhances drug solubility and reduces toxicity. These interactions underscore the microbiota’s role in modulating metabolic and therapeutic processes. Despite their recognized benefits, systematic reviews on the types, mechanisms, and relationship of prebiotics and probiotics remain limited. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of their classifications, functional pathways, and synergistic effects in promoting gut health and optimizing metabolic processes. We offer insights into innovative applications and propose directions for future research to maximize their potential in health management.
Keywords
Probiotics; Prebiotics; Microbiome; Drug metabolism; Intestinal flora


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