An Economic Study of the Competitiveness of Egyptian Oranges in The Markets of The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries "دراسة اقتصادية لتنافسية البرتقال المصري في أسواق دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي" | ||||
| Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Sciences | ||||
| Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 20 June 2025 PDF (11.38 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/alexja.2025.390715.1143 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Omnya El-Azazy; Samy Ghenmy 
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| Department of Economics and Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Egypt is considered one of the largest orange exporting countries in the world, as it has achieved an increase in its productivity and quality in recent years, The Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman) are among the most important foreign markets for Egyptian oranges, The research problem is that despite the high importance of Egyptian oranges in the GCC markets, it has been observed that the quantity of exports has gradually decreased from about 465 thousand tons in 2015 to about 242 thousand tons in 2023, a decrease rate estimated at about 52.04%, The research aims to study the competitiveness of Egyptian oranges in the GCC markets and the most important factors affecting their exports, To achieve its objectives, the research relied on descriptive and quantitative analysis approaches to analyze and describe the variables related to the research, in addition to competitiveness indicators represented by market share, market penetration rate, and price competitiveness, From the results, the following could be concluded: (1) the average cultivated area, fruitful area, production volume, and productivity of the orange crop in Egypt amounted to approximately 299.94 thousand faddan, 259.44 thousand faddan, 2.61 million tons, and 9.97 tons, respectively, during the period (2001-2023). (2) The average export quantity, export value, and export price of the Egyptian orange crop amounted to approximately 872.15 thousand tons, 397.57 million dollars, and 426.81 dollar per ton, respectively, during the same period. (3) The average instability coefficient for the quantity of exports amounted to about 17.58%, while for the value of exports it amounted to about 14.24%, and for the export price it amounted to about 16.21% during the study period, which indicates that the quantity of exports of Egyptian oranges was unstable, especially in the first years of the series during the same period. (4) As for the most important orange exporting countries, it was found that Egypt came in first place among the orange exporting countries with a quantity of about 1280.03 thousand tons, representing 19.72% of the global export quantity, followed by Spain with a quantity of about 1254.33 thousand tons, representing 19.32%, then South Africa with a quantity of about 1231.81 thousand tons, representing 18.98%, The global export quantity amounted to about 6490.76 thousand tons during the year 2023. (5) The most important countries importing Egyptian oranges during the period (2010-2023) are Russia with a quantity of about 223.45 thousand tons, then Saudi Arabia with a quantity of about 205.60 thousand tons, then the Netherlands with a quantity of about 87,26 thousand tons, then the UAE with a quantity of about 77,10 thousand tons, then Bangladesh with a quantity of about 56.29 thousand tons during the period (2010-2023). (6) The average production, exports, imports from the world, imports from Egypt, world export price, Egyptian export price were about 0.21 thousand tons, 68.22 thousand tons, 757.42 thousand tons, 354.52 thousand tons, 691.42 dollar per ton, 445.81 dollar per ton respectively for the GCC markets during the period (2010-2023), The average market share, market penetration, and price competitiveness of Egypt in the GCC market were about 46.81%, 0.51, and 0.64 respectively during the same period, This confirms that Egypt has price competitiveness in the GCC market and thus the quantity of exports to this market can be increased. (7) The study recommends focusing on providing marketing guidance to exporters to enhance their exports during the months that witness an increase in imports from the GCC markets, as greater opportunities exist for Egyptian oranges to compete in these markets compared to exports from other competing countries. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Orange crop; Exports; competitiveness indicators; GCC countries | ||||
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