Sustainable Techniques Using Eco-Friendly Materials In The Restoration Of Ancient Egyptian Heritage - A Case Study | ||||
| Archaeological Inscriptions | ||||
| Article 10, Volume 4, Issue 4, June 2025, Page 1-10 PDF (1003.24 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/archin.2025.437564 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| Mohamed Rafat1; Mohamad Kamal1; Ashraf Gaafar2; Mohamed Moustafa1 | ||||
| 1Faculty of Archeology, Fayoum University | ||||
| 2Faculty of Engineering, Shubra, Benha University | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| This study investigates the application of sustainable, eco-friendly consolidation materials in the restoration of ancient Egyptian limestone, with a focus on the Sphinx Temple at the Giza Necropolis. Given the vulnerability of limestone to environmental degradation, particularly under the arid conditions and urban pollution surrounding the Giza Archaeological Site, the research explores natural materials such as eggshells, seashells, and fired brick powder (Homra)—both in their raw forms and as nanomaterials—as potential alternatives to conventional chemical consolidants. Experimental procedures involved preparing standardized limestone cubes and treating them with the selected materials. A series of physical and mechanical tests—including bulk density, porosity, water absorption, and compressive strength—were conducted. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) were used to examine the microstructural integration of the consolidants within the stone matrix. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Sustainable restoration; eco-friendly materials; nanomaterials; limestone conservation; ancient Egyptian heritage | ||||
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