A Comprehensive Review of Pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine Scaffold Biological Activities
Hayallah, A., Salem, I., El Zohny, S., Hayallah, M. (2025). A Comprehensive Review of Pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine Scaffold Biological Activities. EKB Journal Management System, 10(1), 19-35. doi: 10.21608/sjpms.2025.372242.1042
Alaa M Hayallah; Ibrahim M Salem; Sally A El Zohny; Mai A Hayallah. "A Comprehensive Review of Pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine Scaffold Biological Activities". EKB Journal Management System, 10, 1, 2025, 19-35. doi: 10.21608/sjpms.2025.372242.1042
Hayallah, A., Salem, I., El Zohny, S., Hayallah, M. (2025). 'A Comprehensive Review of Pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine Scaffold Biological Activities', EKB Journal Management System, 10(1), pp. 19-35. doi: 10.21608/sjpms.2025.372242.1042
Hayallah, A., Salem, I., El Zohny, S., Hayallah, M. A Comprehensive Review of Pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine Scaffold Biological Activities. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 10(1): 19-35. doi: 10.21608/sjpms.2025.372242.1042

A Comprehensive Review of Pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine Scaffold Biological Activities

Sphinx Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences
Volume 10, Issue 1, October 2025, Pages 19-35    PDF (2.18 M)
Document Type: Review articles
DOI: 10.21608/sjpms.2025.372242.1042
Authors
Alaa M Hayallah* 1, 2; Ibrahim M Salem1; Sally A El Zohny3; Mai A Hayallah4
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut, Egypt
2Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut university, Assiut, Egypt
3Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx university, new Assiut city, Assiut
4Department of clinical Pharmacy, faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut- Egypt
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine represents a fused bicyclic scaffold formed by the condensation of pyrazole and pyrimidine rings. Initially synthesized as an analog of purine nucleosides for anticancer therapy, this structural motif has since demonstrated a wide spectrum of biological properties, including antimicrobial, antiviral, antimycobacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antidiabetic, anti-sterility effects, as well as xanthine oxidase inhibition for the treatment of gout. In recent years, the incorporation of the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine pharmacophore into drug design has garnered significant interest among medicinal chemists and pharmacologists, prompting extensive exploration of its biological potential. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the literature on this nucleus derivatives published between 2012 and 2024, highlighting recent advancements and emerging trends in their therapeutic applications. This review may open the door for medicinal chemists and pharmacologists to emphasis the importance of this nucleus as probable future drug candidates for different diseases. Also, may encourage the researchers to improve physical and chemical letterings and modify their pharmacological properties.
Keywords
Synthetic methodologies; Pyrazole derivatives; Pyrimidine frameworks; Pharmacological properties
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