الكآبة والهوس في مأساة آياس لسوفوكليس

Liddell, H. George, and Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. rev. and aug. by H. S. Jones, R. McKenzie, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940.

Hippocrates. Affections, Diseases 1, Diseases 2. Translated by Paul Potter, Loeb Classical Library 472, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.

Hippocrates. Coan Prenotions, Anatomical and Minor Clinical Writings. Edited and translated by Paul Potter, Loeb Classical Library 509, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010.

Hippocrates. Prognostic, Regimen in Acute Diseases, The Sacred Disease, The Art, Breaths, Law, Decorum, Physician(Ch. 1),Dentition. Translated by W.H.S. Jones, Loeb Classical Library 148, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1923.

Sophocles. Ajax, Electra & Oedipus Tyrannus. Edited and translated by Hugh Lloyd-Jones, Loeb Classical Library 20, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.

Sophocles. Electra and Other Plays Ajax, Electra, Women of Trachis Philoctetes. Translated by E. F. Watling, Penguin Classics. no. L28, London: Penguin, 1953.

Ḥanān al-Sayyid Yūsuf, Samāḥ al-Sayyid Rāshid, "alhws bayna al-Turāth al-ṭibbī al-qadīm wa-al-ḥadīth Abuqrāṭ wklsws unamūdhajan", Majallat al-Dirāsāt al-Insānīyah wa-al-adabīyah, ʻadad 28 (2023) : 333-354.

Sophocles, āyās, tarjamat Munīrah Karawān: al-Qāhirah, al-Markaz al-Qawmī lil-Tarjamah, 2008.

Farīd Ḥasan al-Anwar, "al-ḥarb min al-wāqiʻ bayna Junūn al-ʻAẓmah wālāntḥār fī masraḥīyah āyās lswfwklys", Majallat Awrāq klāsykyh, Kullīyat al-Ādāb Jāmiʻat al-Qāhirah, ʻadad 14 (2017) : 105-153.

American Psychiatry Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. DSM-5, 5th ed., Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington: DC London, England, 2013.

Anderson, Ian M., Peter, and Jan, "Bipolar disorder", The British Medical Journal 345: e8508 (2012): 1-10.doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e8508. (Published 27 December 2012).

Arciniegas, David B., "Psychosis", Continuum Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry,Vol.21,no.3(2015):715–736. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000466662.89908.e7.

Auden, George Augustus, "The Madness of Ajax, as conceived by Sophocles Clinically Considered", British Journal of Psychiatry, Volume72, no. 299 (1926): 503 – 512. doi: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.72.299.503.

Balzer, Wolfgang and Alexandros, "A Reconstruction of the Hippocratic Humoral Theory of Health", Journal for General Philosophy of Science 22 (1991).

Bán, Katalin, "Madness in Seneca’s Medea and Celsus’s De Medicina", Graeco- Latina Brunensia (2019): 5-16. https://doi.org/10.5817/GLB2019-1-1 (accessec 23, June,2022). https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/141155.

Bell, Matthew. Melancholia. The Western  Malady, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Berrios, German E. The History of Mental Symptoms, descriptive psychopathology since the nineteenth century. New York, NY: USA Cambridge University Press, New York,1996.

Biggs, Penelope, "The Disease Theme in Sophocles' Ajax, Philoctetes and Trachiniae", Classical philology vol. 61, no.4 (1966): 223-35.

Bockler, Donald, "Let's Play Doctor: Medical Rounds in Ancient Greece", The American Biology Teacher, Vol.60, no.2 (1998): 106-111.

Burton, Robert. The Anatomy of Melancholy. trans. D.Minor, Philadelphia: E.Claxton &Company, 1883.

Cartledge, Paul. The Cambridge  Illustrated History of Ancient Greece. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Cassidy, Frederick, Elizabeth, Kara, and Bernard,"Signs and symptoms of mania in pure and mixed Episodes", Journal of Affective Disords, vol.50, no.2-3 (1998):187-201. DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(98)00016-0.

Charles, Nemeroff. The Bipolar Book: History, Neurobiology, And Treatment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Chen, Chi-Hua, John, Belinda, Cinly, and Ed, "A quantitative meta-analysis of fMRI studies in bipolar disorder", Bipolar Disorders, vol.13, no.1 (2011): 1–15. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00893.x.

Cilliers, Louise, and Francois, "Mental Illness in the Greco-Roman Era", Pretoria:Acta Classica Supplementum III, Classical Association of South Africa, Vol. 2009, no. sup-3 (2009), 130-7.

available@ https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC27080.

Compton, Michael T.,"The Union of Religion and Health in Ancient Asklepieia", Journal of  Religion and Health, vol.37, no.4 (1998), 301-312.

Dailey, Mark W., and Abdolreza, Mania [Updated July 17, 2023], In: StatPearls [Internet], Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023. available@ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493168/ (accessed March, 1, 2025).

Goldberg, Joseph F., Martin, and Linda,"Course and outcome in bipolar affective disorder", The American Journal of Psychiatry,152, no.3 (1995): 379–384. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.152.3.379. 

Golder, Herbert, Peter, and Alan. The Complete Sophocles, Introduction, Volume II: Electra and Other Plays. Oxford; New York : Oxford University Press, 2010.

Goldhill, Simon. Reading Greek Tragedy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Goodwin, Frederick K. and Kay. Manic-Depressive illness: bipolar disorder and recurrent depression. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Hammersley, Paul, Katherine, John, and  Peter, "Attributions for hallucinations in bipolar affective disorder", Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Vol. 38 no. 2,2010): 221 – 226. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465809990592.

Harsh, Philip Whaley. A Handbook of Classical Drama. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1944.

https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/591

Kaplan,  Katherine A., and Allison, "Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia in Bipolar Disorder", American Journal of Psychiatry 170, no.7 (2013): 31–42.

DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12050708 .

Knox, Bernard M.W. "The Ajax of Sophocles", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol.65 (1961): 1-37.

Kraepelin, Emil.  Psychiatry: A Textbook for Students and Physicians. 5th German edition, Leipzig: Barth,1896.

Mittal, Vikrant, Walter, and Edward, "Are Patients With Depression at Heightened Risk of Suicide as They Begin to Recover ?", Psychiatric Services,vol.60, no.3 (2009): 384–386. doi: 10.1176/ps.2009.60.3.384.

Nutton, Vivian. Ancient medicine. London: Routledge, 1998.

O'Brien-Moore, Ainsworth. Madness in Ancient Literature. Wagner Sohn: Weimar, 1924.

Pinel, Philippe. A Treatise on Insanity. trans.D.D.Davis, Sheffield: Cadell & Davies, 1806.

Salvadore, Giacomo, Jorge, Rodrigo, Ioline, Husseini, and Carlos, "The neurobiology of the switch process in bipolar disorder", The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,vol.71, no.11 (2010): 1488–1501. doi:10.4088/JCP.09r05259gre .

Schweizer Edward, Alan, Cathryn," Suicide upon recovery from depression : a clinical note", Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,vol.176, no.10 (1988): 633–636. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198810000-00009.

Swann, Alan C., Steven, Martin, Jack, Charles, Stephen, Nancy, and Peter, "Specificity of mixed affective states: clinical comparison of dysphoric mania and agitated depression", Journal of Affective Disords, vol.28, no.2(1993): 81–89. DOI: 10.1016/0165-0327(93)90036-j.

Theodorou, Zena, "Subject to emotion: exploring madness in Orestes", Classical Quarterly vol.43, no.1 (1993): 32-3.

Thomas B. L.Webster, "Some Psychological Terms in Greek Tragedy", The Journal of Hellenic Studies Vol77 . no 1 (1957).DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/628648.

Tsagkaris, Christos and Konstantinos, "The Hippocratic Account of Mental Health:Humors and Human Temperament", Mental Health: Global Challenges Journal 3, no.1(2020): 33–37. DOI:10.32437/mhgcj.v3i1.83.

Waters, Flavie, Daniel, Dominic, Renaud, Delphine, Robert, Jan Dirk, Urs Peter, Frank, Stephen, and Frank,"Visual hallucinations in the psychosis spectrum and comparative information from neurodegenerative disorders and eye disease", Schizophrenia Bulletin 40. no.4 (2014): 233–245. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbu036.

Murphy, Kate Elizabeth, "The Conceptualization and Treatments for Phrenitis, Mania and Melancholia in Aretaeus of Cappadocia and Caelius Aurelianus", Master's thesis, University of Calgary: Calgary, Canada, 2013.

Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28034.

Simon, Charlotte. "Signs in Sophocles: Modern Approaches to PTSD in the Ajax", Honors Thesis, 591, Bucknell University, 2022.

Bipolar disorder, Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355955.(accessed march, 1, 2025).

Depression (major depressive disorder),Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/ar/diseases conditions/depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356013. (accessed march, 8, 2025).

Hyperhidrosis, Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperhidrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20367152. (accessed March, 2, 2025).