Growth, yield and yield components of wheat as affected by crop sequences, seeding rates and nitrogen fertilizer levels | ||||
| Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor | ||||
| Article 1, Volume 54, Issue 1, March 2016, Page 1-14 PDF (804.81 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/assjm.2016.103903 | ||||
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| Author | ||||
| Amira A. El-Mehy* | ||||
| Crop Intensification Research Department, Field Crops Res. Instit., ARC, Giza, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Two field experiments were carried out in Kafr El-Hamam Agriculture Research Station, Sharkia Governorates, ARC, during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to study the effect of five crop sequences (maize/wheat (CS1), intercropping potatoes with maize/wheat (CS2), maize/fahlberseem/wheat (CS3), maize/peas/wheat (CS4), maize/fodder maize/wheat (CS5)) and four combination treatments between seeding rates and nitrogen fertilizer levels were as follows 50 kg seeds+60 kg N/fed (SN1), 50 kg seeds+75 kg N/fed (SN2), 60 kg seeds+60 kg N/fed (SN3), 60 kg seeds+75 kg N /fed (SN4) on growth, yield and its components of wheat (cv. Sakha 94). The treatments were arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots were occupied by crop sequences and seeding rates with N fertilizer levels were assigned to the sup plots. The results revealed that: Crop sequences had significant effect on plant height, number of tillers and spikes/m2, spike length, weight of spike and grains/spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, cereal units, total income and total net income of wheat in both seasons as well as straw yield/fed in 1st season only. Legume as preceding crops for wheat gave significantly higher grain yield compared with fodder maize. Whereas, the highest grain yield and net income after fahlberseem, (2.959, 2.980 ton/fed and 5422, 5414 L.E/fed), was at par with grain yield and net income obtained after peas, being (2.886 and 2.939 ton/fed as well as 5191 and 5071 L.E/fed), with an ignored differences in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. Increasing seeding rates from 50 to 60 kg/fed caused a significant increase in number of tillers and spikes/m2, grain and straw yields/fed. On the other hand, increasing seeding rates caused a reduction in spike length, number of spikelets/spike, weight of spike and grains/spike as well as 1000-grain weight. All characters gradually increased by increasing N fertilizer levels from 60 to 75 kg N/fed. Maximum grain yield was 2.801 and 2.888 ton/fed obtained from SN4 (60 kg seeds+75 kg N /fed) followed by SN2 (50 kg seeds+75 kg N/fed) being, 2.757 and 2.825 ton/fed in 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. Similarly, the highest cereal units, total income and net income were detected with SN4 (60 kg seeds+75 kg N /fed) followed by SN2 (50 kg seeds+75 kg N/fed). It is worth to noting that under the same level of N fertilizer differences among seeding rates did not reach level of significance. The interaction effect of crop sequences and seeding rates and N fertilizer levels showed significant differences in plant height, spike length, spike weight and 1000-grain weight. Multiple cropping had significantly increased total cereal units, net incomes,land use efficiency (multiple cropping index(MCI) and cultivated land utilization index (CLUI)). | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| wheat; crop sequence; seeding rates; nitrogen fertilizer levels; cereal units; total net income; land use efficiency | ||||
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