Integrated Capacitance-Ultrasonic Sensor for Gas-Liquid-Solid Multiphase Measurements: A Proof of Concept | ||||
| Menoufia Journal of Electronic Engineering Research | ||||
| Article 9, Volume 28, Issue 2, July 2019, Page 129-152 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjeer.2019.62771 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| Wael Ahmed* 1; Ashraf Farahat2 | ||||
| 1School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Egypt | ||||
| 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Capacitance and ultrasonic sensors are used to detect solid particles in a multiphase flow mixture. In this study, it is proposed to utilize the capacitance and ultrasonic techniques in an integrated industrial device that can be used in gas-liquid-solid multiphase flow measurements for practical purposes. The key feature of the developed integrated sensor is the ability of the ultrasound sensor to detect the concentration of the solid particles while the capacitance sensor identifies the ratio between the gas and liquid phase in the total mixture. Two-dimensional finite element analysis using COMSOL© is used to design the optimum sensor configuration and to show the feasibility of the developed sensor. Experiments were performed utilizing materials that mimic a frozen multiphase flow mixture to perform static tests to determine the calibration coefficient and validate the sensor design. The need for multiphase flow measurement in the oil and gas production and petrochemical industries has been significantly increased over the last few years. Reliable measurements of the multiphase flow parameters such as void fraction, phase concentration, phase velocity and flow pattern identification are important for accurate modelling and/or in the operation of multiphase systems. Although many multiphase flow meters were recently developed, challenges in measuring multiphase flow components remain unresolved. Therefore, extensive research efforts were spent in designing accurate multiphase flow meters and several meters are currently under development worldwide. However, due to the complexity of the multiphase flow mixture and in some cases when three or more phases co-exist, it is difficult to adopt only one technique to develop a multiphase flow meter. Consequently, the integration of multiple sensors, based on several measurement techniques, found to be the optimum solution for accurate multiphase flow metering. In this study we investigated both capacitance and ultrasonic techniques for their potential use in detecting solid particles in multiphase flow mixture. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Multiphase flow; capacitance sensors; Ultrasonic; gas liquid solid meter | ||||
| References | ||||
|
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "> <[1] G. Falcone, G.F. Hewitt, and C. Alimonti, “Multiphase Flow Metering, Developments in Petroleum Science,” vol. 54,pp. 1-329, Edited by Falcone G., Elsevier, 2009. [2] H. Wael and B. Ismail, “Innovative Techniques for Two-Phase Flow Measurements,” Recent Patents in Electrical Engineering Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-13, 2008. [3] H. Wael,”Capacitance Sensors for Void-Fraction Measurements and Flow-Pattern Identification in Air–Oil Two-Phase Flow,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol.6, no.5, pp. 1153-1163, 2006. [4] R. Thorn, G.A. Johansen, and B. Hjertaker, “Three-phase flow measurement in the petroleum industry,” Measurements Science and Technology, vol.24, no. 1,Paper 012003 (1-17), 2013. [5] H. Wael,M. El Nakla, A. Al-Sarkhi, and M. Badr Hassan, “On the Development of Integrated Multiphase Flow Sensors,” 7th International Conference on Computational and Experimental Methods in Multiphase and Complex Flow, A Coruña, Spain, 2–5 July, 2013. [6] H. Wael, “Experimental investigation of Air-Oil Slug Flow Using Capacitance Probes, Hot-Film Anemometer, and Image Processing,” International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 876-887, 2011. [7] T.Andrade, US patent 2002/000134042, 2007. [8] S. Huang, A. Plaskowski, C. Xie, and M. Beck,“Tomographic Imaging of Two-Component Flow Using Capacitance Sensors,"J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., vol. 22, no.3, pp. 173-177, 1989. [9] M. Merilo, R. Dechene, andW. Cicowlas, “Void Fraction Measurement with a Rotating Electric Field Conductance Gauge", J. Heat Transfer Trans, ASME, vol. 99, pp. 330-331, 1977. [10] J. Gamio, J. Castro, L. Rivera, J. Alamilla, F. Garcia-Nocetti, and L. Aguilar, “Visualisation of Gas-Oil Two-Phase Flows in Pressurized Pipes Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography," Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, vol.16, no. 2-3, pp. 129- 134, 2005. t-text-stroke-width: 0px; "> [11] T. Jiang, and Y. Xiong, “Measurement of the Velocity And Mass Flow Rate in Gas-Solid Flow with Electrostatic Method," J. Huazhong Univ. of Sci and Tech., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 93-95, 2005. [12] D. Jha, A. Ray, K. Mukherjee, and S. Chakraborty, “Classification of Two-Phase Flow Patterns by Ultrasonic Sensing,”Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, vol. 135, no. 1, 024503, 2013. [13] L. Xu, D. Leonard, and R. Green, “A Pulsed Ultrasound Transducer System for two Component Flow," J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., vol. 18, pp. 609-613, 1885. [14] D. Dannert, and R. Horne, “Ultrasonic Rate Measurement of Multiphase Flow,"Report, DOE/BC/14600-38, Stanford University, Petroleum Research Institute, Stanford, CA 94305- 4042, 36 pages, 1993. [15] A. Cents, D. Brilman, G. Versteeg, P. Wijnstra, and P. Regtien, “Measuring Bubble, Drop and Particle Sizes in Multiphase Systems with Ultrasound," AIChE Journal, vol.50, no.11, pp. 2750-2762, 2004. [16] Y. Zheng, and Q. Zhang, “Simultaneous Measurement of Gas and Solid Holdups in Multiphase Systems using Ultrasonic Technique," Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 59, no.17, pp. 3505 – 3514, 2004. [17] M. Vatanakul, Y. Zheng, and M. Couturier, “Application of Ultrasonic Technique in Multiphase Flows," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol.43, no. 18, pp. 5681-5691, 2004. [18] M. Vatanakul, Y. Zheng, and M. Couturier, “Ultrasonic Technique for Measuring Phase Holdups in Multiphase Systems," Chem. Eng. Comm., vol. 192, no. 5, pp. 630-646, 2005. [19] S. Chakraborty, E. Keller, J. Talley, A. Srivastav, A. Ray, and S. Kim, “Void Fraction Measurement in Two-Phase Flow Processes via Symbolic Dynamic Filtering of Ultrasonic Signals," Measurements Science and Technology, vol. 20, no. 2, Paper 023001 (1-6), 2009. [20] G. Steiner G, H. Wegleiter, D. Watzenig, “A Dual-Mode Ultrasound and Electrical Capacitance Process Tomography Sensor," IEEE Sensors, Irvine, CA, USA, pp. 696-699, 2005. [21] L. Cai, “Multiple Scattering in Single Scatterers,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 986-995, 2004.
x; "> </22] L. Cai, J. Sánchez-Dehesa, “Acoustical Scattering by Radially Stratified Scatterersm,”J Acoustic Soc. Am., vol. 124, no. 5, pp. 2715-2726, 2008 | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 292 |
||||
